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Impact of hydrothermal and mechanical processing on dissolution kinetics and rheology of oat ?-glucan.

ABSTRACT: Oat mixed-linkage ?-glucan has been shown to lower fasting blood cholesterol concentrations due notably to an increase in digesta viscosity in the proximal gut. To exert its action, the polysaccharide has to be released from the food matrix and hydrated. The dissolution kinetics of ?-glucan from three oat materials, varying in their structure, composition and degree of processing, was investigated by incubating the oats at 37°C over multiple time points (up to 72h). The samples were analysed for ?-glucan content, weight-average molecular weight and rheological behaviour. Regardless of the materials studied and the processing applied, the solubilisation of ?-glucan was not complete. Mechanical and hydrothermal processing led to differences in the viscosity flow curves of the recovered solutions, with the presence of particulates having a marked effect. This study revealed that the structure and processing methods applied to oat materials resulted in varied and complex rheological properties, especially when particulates are present.

SUBMITTER: Grundy MM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5388193 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Impact of hydrothermal and mechanical processing on dissolution kinetics and rheology of oat β-glucan.

Grundy Myriam M-L MM Quint Janina J Rieder Anne A Ballance Simon S Dreiss Cécile A CA Butterworth Peter J PJ Ellis Peter R PR

Carbohydrate polymers 20170222

Oat mixed-linkage β-glucan has been shown to lower fasting blood cholesterol concentrations due notably to an increase in digesta viscosity in the proximal gut. To exert its action, the polysaccharide has to be released from the food matrix and hydrated. The dissolution kinetics of β-glucan from three oat materials, varying in their structure, composition and degree of processing, was investigated by incubating the oats at 37°C over multiple time points (up to 72h). The samples were analysed for ...[more]

PMID: 28385246

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Project description:BackgroundHealth claims regarding the cholesterol-lowering effect of soluble fiber from oat products, approved by food standards agencies worldwide, are based on a diet containing ≥3 g/d of oat β-glucan (OBG). Given the number of recently published randomized controlled trials (RCTs), it is important to update the findings of previous meta-analyses.ObjectiveThe objective was to quantify the effect of ≥3 g OBG/d on serum cholesterol concentrations in humans and investigate potential effect modifiers.DesignA meta-analysis was performed on 28 RCTs comparing ≥3 g OBG/d with an appropriate control. Systematic searches were undertaken in PubMed, AGRICOLA, and Scopus between 1 January 1966 and 6 June 2013, plus in-house study reports at CreaNutrition AG. Studies were assessed with regard to inclusion/exclusion criteria, and data were extracted from included studies by reviewers working independently in pairs, reconciling differences by consensus. Estimates of the mean reduction in serum cholesterol from baseline between the OBG and control diets were analyzed by using random-effects meta-analysis models and meta-regression.ResultsOBG in doses of ≥3 g/d reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol relative to control by 0.25 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.20, 0.30; P < 0.0001) and 0.30 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.24, 0.35; P < 0.0001), respectively, with some indication of heterogeneity (P = 0.13 and P = 0.067). There was no significant effect of OBG on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol or triglycerides and no evidence that dose (range across trials: 3.0-12.4 g/d) or duration of treatment (range: 2-12 wk) influenced the results. LDL cholesterol lowering was significantly greater with higher baseline LDL cholesterol. There was a significantly greater effect for both LDL and total cholesterol in subjects with diabetes compared with those without (although based on few studies).ConclusionsAdding ≥3 g OBG/d to the diet reduces LDL and total cholesterol by 0.25 mmol/L and 0.30 mmol/L, respectively, without changing HDL cholesterol or triglycerides.

Project description:Background & Aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFLD)-associated changes in gut microbiota are important drivers of disease progression toward fibrosis. Therefore, reversing microbiota alterations could ameliorate NAFLD progression. Oat beta-glucan, a non-digestible polysaccharides, has shown promising therapeutic effects on hyperlipidemia associated with NAFLD, but its impact on gut microbiota and most importantly NAFLD fibrosis remains unknown. Methods: We performed detailed metabolic phenotyping including body composition, glucose tolerance, and lipid metabolism as well as comprehensive characterization of the gut-liver axis in a western-style diet (WSD)-induced model of NAFLD and assessed the effect of a beta-glucan intervention on early and advanced liver disease. Gut microbiota was modulated using broad-spectrum antibiotic (Abx) treatment. Results: Oat beta-glucan supplementation did not affect WSD-induced body weight gain, glucose intolerance, and the metabolic phenotype remained largely unaffected. Interestingly, oat beta-glucan dampened NAFLD inflammation, associated with significantly reduced monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMFs) infiltration, fibroinflammatory gene expression, and strongly reduced fibrosis development. Mechanistically, this protective effect was not mediated by changes in bile acid composition or signaling, but was dependent on gut microbiota and was lost upon Abx treatment. Specifically, oat beta-glucan partially reversed unfavorable changes in gut microbiota, resulting in an expansion of protective taxa, including Ruminococcus, and Lactobacillus followed by reduced translocation of TLR ligands. Conclusions: Our findings identify oat beta-glucan as a highly efficacious food supplement that dampens inflammation and fibrosis development in diet-induced NAFLD. These results, along with its favorable dietary profile, suggest that it may be a cost-effective and well-tolerated approach to preventing NAFLD progression and should be assessed in clinical studies.

Project description:BACKGROUND: Oat, Avena sativa is the sixth most important cereal in the world. Presently oat is mostly used as feed for animals. However, oat also has special properties that make it beneficial for human consumption and has seen a growing importance as a food crop in recent decades. Increased demand for novel oat products has also put pressure on oat breeders to produce new oat varieties with specific properties such as increased or improved beta-glucan-, antioxidant- and omega-3 fatty acid levels, as well as modified starch and protein content. To facilitate this development we have produced a TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) population of the spring oat cultivar SW Belinda. RESULTS: Here a population of 2600 mutagenised M2 lines, producing 2550 M3 seed lots were obtained. The M2 population was initially evaluated by visual inspection and a number of different phenotypes were seen ranging from dwarfs to giants, early flowering to late flowering, leaf morphology and chlorosis. Phloroglucinol/HCl staining of M3 seeds, obtained from 1824 different M2 lines, revealed a number of potential lignin mutants. These were later confirmed by quantitative analysis. Genomic DNA was prepared from the M2 population and the mutation frequency was determined. The estimated mutation frequency was one mutation per 20 kb by RAPD-PCR fingerprinting, one mutation per 38 kb by MALDI-TOF analysis and one mutation per 22.4 kb by DNA sequencing. Thus, the overall mutation frequency in the population is estimated to be one mutation per 20-40 kb, depending on if the method used addressed the whole genome or specific genes. During the investigation, 6 different mutations in the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (AsPAL1) gene and 10 different mutations in the cellulose synthase-like (AsCslF6) beta-glucan biosynthesis gene were identified. CONCLUSION: The oat TILLING population produced in this work carries, on average, hundreds of mutations in every individual gene in the genome. It will therefore be an important resource in the development of oat with specific characters. The population (M5) will be available for academic research via Nordgen http://www.nordgen.org as soon as enough seeds are obtained.[Genbank accession number for the cloned AsPAL1 is GQ373155 and GQ379900 for AsCslF6].

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Impact of hydrothermal and mechanical processing on dissolution kinetics and rheology of oat ?-glucan.

Publications

Impact of hydrothermal and mechanical processing on dissolution kinetics and rheology of oat β-glucan.

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