Choosing face: The curse of self in profile image selection.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: White D
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5391387 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:KomNet is a face image dataset originated from three media sources which can be used to recognize faces. KomNET contains face images which were collected from three different media sources, i.e. mobile phone camera, digital camera, and media social. The collected face dataset was frontal face image or facing the camera. The face dataset originated from the three media were collected without certain conditions such as lighting, background, haircut, mustache and beard, head cover, glasses, and differences of expression. KomNet dataset were collected from 50 clusters in which each of them consisted of 24 face images. To increase the number of training data, the face images were propagated with augmentation image technique, in which ten augmentations were used such as Rotate, Flip, Gaussian Blur, Gamma Contrast, Sigmoid Contrast, Sharpen, Emboss, Histogram Equalization, Hue and Saturation, Average Blur so the face images became 240 face images per cluster. The author trained the dataset by using CNN-based transfer learning VGGface. KomNET dataset are freely available on https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/hsv83m5zbb/2.
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Project description:In contrast with autosomes, lineages of sex chromosomes reside for different amounts of time in males and females, and this transmission asymmetry makes them hotspots for sexual conflict. Similarly, the maternal inheritance of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) means that mutations that are beneficial in females can spread in a population even if they are deleterious in males, a form of sexual conflict known as Mother's Curse. While both Mother's Curse and sex chromosome induced sexual conflict have been well studied on their own, the interaction between mitochondrial genes and genes on sex chromosomes is poorly understood. Here, we use analytical models and computer simulations to perform a comprehensive examination of how transmission asymmetries of nuclear, mitochondrial, and sex chromosome-linked genes may both cause and resolve sexual conflicts. For example, the accumulation of male-biased Mother's Curse mtDNA mutations will lead to selection in males for compensatory nuclear modifier loci that alleviate the effect. We show how the Y chromosome, being strictly paternally transmitted provides a particularly safe harbor for such modifiers. This analytical framework also allows us to discover a novel kind of sexual conflict, by which Y chromosome-autosome epistasis may result in the spread of male beneficial but female deleterious mutations in a population. We christen this phenomenon Father's Curse. Extending this analytical framework to ZW sex chromosome systems, where males are the heterogametic sex, we also show how W-autosome epistasis can lead to a novel kind of nuclear Mother's Curse. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive framework to understand how genetic transmission asymmetries may both cause and resolve sexual conflicts.
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Project description:PurposeTo evaluate the safety and outcome of image-guided embolotherapy of extracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) primarily affecting the face.Materials and methodsA multicenter cohort of 28 patients presenting with AVMs primarily affecting the face was retrospectively investigated. Fifty image-guided embolotherapies were performed, mostly using ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer-based embolic agents. Clinical and imaging findings were assessed to evaluate response during follow-up (symptom-free, partial relief of symptoms, no improvement, and progression despite embolization), lesion devascularization (total, 100%; substantial, 76-99%; partial, 51-75%; failure, < 50%; and progression), and complication rates (classified according to the CIRSE guidelines). Sub-analyses regarding clinical outcome (n = 24) were performed comparing patients with (n = 12) or without (n = 12) subsequent surgical resection after embolotherapy.ResultsThe median number of embolotherapy sessions was 2.0 (range, 1-4). Clinical outcome after a mean follow-up of 12.4 months (± 13.3; n = 24) revealed a therapy response in 21/24 patients (87.5%). Imaging showed total devascularization in 14/24 patients (58.3%), including the 12 patients with subsequent surgery and 2 additional patients with embolotherapy only. Substantial devascularization (76-99%) was assessed in 7/24 patients (29.2%), and partial devascularization (51-75%) in 3/24 patients (12.5%). Complications occurred during/after 12/50 procedures (24.0%), including 18.0% major complications. Patients with subsequent surgical resections were more often symptom-free at the last follow-up compared to the group having undergone embolotherapy only (p = 0.006).ConclusionImage-guided embolotherapy is safe and effective for treating extracranial AVMs of the face. Subsequent surgical resections after embolization may substantially improve patients' clinical outcome, emphasizing the need for multimodal therapeutic concepts.Level of evidenceLevel 4, Retrospective study.
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