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Children's weight changes according to maternal perception of the child's weight and health: A prospective cohort of Peruvian children.

ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to estimate the association between maternal perception of their child's health status and (mis)classification of their child's actual weight with future weight change. We present cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses from the Peruvian younger cohort of the Young Lives Study. For cross-sectional analysis, the exposure was maternal perception of child health status (better, same or worse); the outcome was underestimation or overestimation of the child's actual weight. Mothers were asked about their perception of their child's weight (same, lighter or heavier than other children). Actual weight status was defined with IOTF BMI cut-off points. For longitudinal analysis, the exposure was (mis)classification of the child's actual weight; the outcome was the standardized mean difference between follow-up and baseline BMI. A Generalized Linear Model with Poisson family and log-link was used to report the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for cross-sectional analyses. A Linear Regression Model was used to report the longitudinal analysis as coefficient estimates (β) and 95% CI. Normal weight children who were perceived as more healthy than other children were more likely to have their weight overestimated (PR = 2.06); conversely, those who were perceived as less healthy than other children were more likely to have their weight underestimated (PR = 2.17). Mean follow-up time was 2.6 (SD: 0.3) years. Overall, underweight children whose weight was overestimated were more likely to gain BMI (β = 0.44); whilst overweight children whose weight was considered to be the same of their peers (β = -0.55), and those considered to be lighter than other children (β = -0.87), lost BMI. Maternal perception of the child's health status seems to influence both overestimation and underestimation of the child's actual weight status. Such weight (mis)perception may influence future BMI.

SUBMITTER: Carrillo-Larco RM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5396911 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:ObjectiveInaccurate parental perception of their child's weight status is commonly reported in Western countries. It is unclear whether similar misperception exists in Asian populations. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of Singaporean mothers to accurately describe their three-year-old child's weight status verbally and visually.MethodsAt three years post-delivery, weight and height of the children were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and converted into actual weight status using International Obesity Task Force criteria. The mothers were blinded to their child's measurements and asked to verbally and visually describe what they perceived was their child's actual weight status. Agreement between actual and described weight status was assessed using Cohen's Kappa statistic (?).ResultsOf 1237 recruited participants, 66.4% (n = 821) with complete data on mothers' verbal and visual perceptions and children's anthropometric measurements were analysed. Nearly thirty percent of the mothers were unable to describe their child's weight status accurately. In verbal description, 17.9% under-estimated and 11.8% over-estimated their child's weight status. In visual description, 10.4% under-estimated and 19.6% over-estimated their child's weight status. Many mothers of underweight children over-estimated (verbal 51.6%; visual 88.8%), and many mothers of overweight and obese children under-estimated (verbal 82.6%; visual 73.9%), their child's weight status. In contrast, significantly fewer mothers of normal-weight children were inaccurate (verbal 16.8%; visual 8.8%). Birth order (p<0.001), maternal (p = 0.004) and child's weight status (p<0.001) were associated with consistently inaccurate verbal and visual descriptions.ConclusionsSingaporean mothers, especially those of underweight and overweight children, may not be able to perceive their young child's weight status accurately. To facilitate prevention of childhood obesity, educating parents and caregivers about their child's weight status is needed.

Project description:ImportanceInformation on the association between maternal prepregnancy body weight, gestational weight change, and childhood allergies is not consistent. Little is known on whether there is a combined association with comprehensive childhood allergies.ObjectiveTo examine the association of maternal prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain (GWG) with the risk of childhood allergic diseases including asthma and/or wheezing, allergic rhinitis, eczema, and food and/or drug allergy.Design, setting, and participantsThis cross-sectional study was conducted from April 12 to June 1, 2019, using the Shanghai Children Allergy Study (SCAS), a large, population-based survey. A multistage and multistrata sampling approach was applied to conduct the survey in 13 districts across Shanghai, China, with an enrollment of 15 145 mother-child pairs.ExposuresReported maternal weight before pregnancy and at the time of delivery were requested in the survey; GWG was examined in absolute terms and with reference to the Institute of Medicine guideline.Main outcomes and measuresThe ascertainment of allergic diseases was based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire.ResultsAmong 15 145 children aged 3 to 14 years (7911 [52.2%] boys) within the SCAS, 8877 children (58.6%) were screened for allergic diseases. Multivariable log-binomial regression models suggested that excessive GWG was associated with risks of 19% for asthma/wheezing, 11% for allergic rhinitis, and 10% for eczema in the children. Gestational weight gain extremely above the Institute of Medicine guideline in women who were overweight/obese before pregnancy was associated with the highest risk of childhood asthma/wheezing (adjusted prevalence ratio, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.16-1.74; P = .001), allergic rhinitis (adjusted prevalence ratio, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.12-1.56; P = .001), and eczema (adjusted prevalence ratio, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.08-1.41; P = .002). Gestational weight gain below the Institute of Medicine guideline was associated with an attenuated risk of 13% for childhood asthma/wheezing, 11% for allergic rhinitis, 14% for eczema, and 15% food/drug allergy when mothers were of prepregnancy normal weight; similar associations were observed in underweight mothers, but there was no association in overweight mothers. Generally, the associations were similar in the stratified analysis according to children's age group. Moreover, the results were similar in the allergen test subgroup.Conclusions and relevanceThe findings of this study suggest that excessive GWG may be a risk factor for childhood allergic diseases. Further studies on the long-term effects of the intrauterine environment on children's health may take maternal weight management during pregnancy into consideration since GWG could be a controllable and modifiable risk factor.

Project description:BackgroundStrategies to improve the community food environment have been recommended for addressing childhood obesity, but evidence substantiating their effectiveness is limited.ObjectiveOur aim was to examine the impact of changes in availability of key features of the community food environment, such as supermarkets, small grocery stores, convenience stores, upgraded convenience stores, pharmacies, and limited service restaurants, on changes in children's body mass index z scores (zBMIs).DesignWe conducted a longitudinal cohort study.Participants/settingTwo cohorts of 3- to 15-year-old children living in 4 low-income New Jersey cities were followed during 2- to 5-year periods from 2009 through 2017. Data on weight status were collected at 2 time points (T1 and T2) from each cohort; data on food outlets in the 4 cities and within a 1-mile buffer around each city were collected multiple times between T1 and T2.Main outcome measuresWe measured change in children's zBMIs between T1 and T2.Statistical analysisChanges in the food environment were conceptualized as exposure to changes in counts of food outlets across varying proximities (0.25 mile, 0.5 mile, and 1.0 mile) around a child's home, over different lengths of time a child was exposed to these changes before T2 (12 months, 18 months, and 24 months). Multivariate models examined patterns in relationships between changes in zBMI and changes in the food environment.ResultsIncreased zBMIs were observed in children with greater exposure to convenience stores over time, with a consistent pattern of significant associations across varying proximities and lengths of exposure. For example, exposure to an additional convenience store over 24 months within 1 mile of a child's home resulted in 11.7% higher odds (P = 0.007) of a child being in a higher zBMI change category at T2. Lower zBMIs were observed in children with increased exposure to small grocery stores selling an array of healthy items, with exposure to an additional small grocery store within 1 mile over 24 months, resulting in 37.3% lower odds (P < 0.05) of being in a higher zBMI change category at T2. No consistent patterns were observed for changes in exposure to supermarkets, limited service restaurants, or pharmacies.ConclusionsIncreased availability of small grocery stores near children's homes may improve children's weight status, whereas increased availability of convenience stores is likely to be detrimental.

Project description:ObjectiveRecognising overweight and obesity is critical to prompting action, and consequently preventing and treating obesity. The present study examined the association between parental perceptions of child weight status and child's diet.MethodsParticipants were members of the Gateshead Millennium Study. Parental perception of their child's weight status was assessed using a questionnaire and compared against International Obesity Task Force cut-offs for childhood overweight and obesity when the children were aged 6-8 years old. Diet was assessed at age 6-8years old using the FAST (Food Assessment in Schools Tool) food diary method. The association between parental perception and dietary patterns as defined by Principal Components Analysis, was assessed using multivariate regression after adjustment for child's gender, child's weight status, maternal body mass index (BMI), maternal education and deprivation status.ResultsOf the 361 parents who provided complete data on confounders and on their perception of their child's weight status, 63 (17%) parents perceived their child as being of 'normal' weight or 'overweight' when they were actually 'overweight' or 'obese', respectively. After adjustment for confounders, parents who misperceived their child's weight had children with a lower 'healthy' dietary pattern score compared to children whose parents correctly perceived their weight (? = -0.88; 95% CI: -1.7, -0.1; P-value = 0.028). This association was found despite higher consumption of reduced sugar carbonated drinks amongst children whose parents incorrectly perceived their weight status compared to children whose parents perceived their weight correctly (52.4% vs. 33.6%; P-value = 0.005).ConclusionsIn conclusion, children whose parents did not correctly perceive their weight status scored lower on the 'healthy' dietary pattern. Further research is required to define parents' diets based on their perception status and to examine if a child's or parent's diet mediates the association between parental perception and child weight.

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Children's weight changes according to maternal perception of the child's weight and health: A prospective cohort of Peruvian children.

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