Dataset Information

The Type of Forage Substrate Preparation Included as Substrate in a RUSITEC System Affects the Ruminal Microbiota and Fermentation Characteristics.

ABSTRACT: In vitro fermentation systems such as the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) are frequently used to assess dietary manipulations in livestock, thereby limiting the use of live animals. Despite being in use for nearly 40 years, improvements are continually sought in these systems to better reflect and mimic natural processes in ruminants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of forage preparation, i.e., frozen minced (FM) and freeze-dried and ground (FDG), on the ruminal microbiota and on fermentation characteristics when included as a substrate in a RUSITEC system. A completely randomized design experiment was performed over a 15-day period, with 7 days of adaptation and an 8-day experimental period. Fermentation parameters (total gas, CH4, and volatile fatty acid production) were analyzed on a daily basis over the experimental period and the archaeal and bacterial microbiota (liquid-associated microbes [LAM] and solid-associated microbes [SAM] was assessed at 0, 5, 10, and 15 days using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Results from this study suggested a tendency (P = 0.09) of FM treatment to increase daily CH4 (mg/d) production by 16.7% when compared with FDG treatment. Of the major volatile fatty acids (acetate, propionate, and butyrate), only butyrate production was greater (P = 0.01) with FM treatment compared with FDG substrate. The archaeal and bacterial diversity and richness did not differ between the forage preparations, although feed particle size of the forage had a significant effect on microbial community structure in the SAM and LAM samples. The Bacteroidetes phylum was more relatively abundant in the FM substrate treatment, while Proteobacteria was enriched in the FDG treatment. At the genus-level, Butyrivibrio, Prevotella, and Roseburia were enriched in the FM substrate treatment and Campylobacter and Lactobacillus in the FDG substrate treatment. Evidence from this study suggests that forage preparation affects CH4 production, butyrate production, and the structure of the rumen microbiota during in vitro fermentation.

SUBMITTER: Duarte AC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5397515 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

The Type of Forage Substrate Preparation Included as Substrate in a RUSITEC System Affects the Ruminal Microbiota and Fermentation Characteristics.

Duarte Andrea C AC Holman Devin B DB Alexander Trevor W TW Durmic Zoey Z Vercoe Philip E PE Chaves Alexandre V AV

Frontiers in microbiology 20170420

<i>In vitro</i> fermentation systems such as the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) are frequently used to assess dietary manipulations in livestock, thereby limiting the use of live animals. Despite being in use for nearly 40 years, improvements are continually sought in these systems to better reflect and mimic natural processes in ruminants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of forage preparation, i.e., frozen minced (FM) and freeze-dried and ground (FDG), on the ruminal micr ...[more]

PMID: 28473826

Similar Datasets

Project description:Tucumã oil is sourced from the fruit pulp of the tucumã tree and contains high concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids and carotenoids. Due to these properties it may have the potential to decrease enteric methane (CH4) from ruminants when included in the diet. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of oil mechanically extracted from the fruit pulp of tucumã on fermentation characteristics, CH4 production and the microbial community using the rumen stimulation technique. Treatments consisted of a control diet (forage:concentrate; 70:30), and tucumã oil included at 0.5 or 1.0% (v/v). Addition of tucumã oil linearly decreased (P < 0.01) dry matter disappearance. Total gas (mL/d) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production (mL/d, mL/g DM) were unaffected (P ≥ 0.36) to increasing addition of tucumã oil where 0.5% (v/v) of Tucumã oil numerically increased both variables. Acetate and butyrate percentages of total VFA were linearly decreased (P ≤ 0.01) and propionate and valerate percentages of total VFA were linearly increased (P < 0.01) by increasing concentrations of tucumã oil added to the substrate. The ratio of acetate to propionate was linearly decreased (P < 0.01) with increasing concentration of tucumã oil. Methane production (mL/d) was linearly decreased (P = 0.04) with increasing addition of tucumã oil to the substrate. Tucumã oil reduced the bacterial richness and diversity when included at 1.0% (v/v) in both solid- and liquid- associated microbes. The abundance of the genera Fibrobacter and Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group were decreased and Pyramidobacter, Megasphaera, Anaerovibrio, and Selenomonas were enriched by the addition of 1.0% tucumã oil. In conclusion, tucumã oil resulted in the favorable shift in fermentation products away from acetate toward propionate, decreasing the production of CH4 when tucumã oil was included at 1.0% (v/v), however, substrate digestibility was also inhibited. The rumen microbiota was also altered by the addition of tucumã oil.

Project description:The rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) was used to investigate the effect of ergot alkaloids (EA) and a mycotoxin deactivating product (Biomin AA; MDP) on nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation parameters, total gas, methane, and microbial nitrogen production. Ruminal fermentation vessels received a feedlot finishing diet of 90:10 concentrate:barley silage (DM basis). Using a randomized complete block design, treatments were assigned (n = 4 vessels/treatment) within two RUSITEC apparatuses in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Treatments included: (1) control (CON) diet (no EA and no MDP); (2) CON diet + 1 g/d MDP; (3) CON diet + 20 mg/kg EA; and (4) CON diet + 20 mg/kg EA + 1 g/d MDP. The study was conducted over 14 d with 7 d of adaptation and 7 d of sample collection. Data were analyzed in SAS using PROC MIXED including fixed effects of EA, MDP, and the EA×MDP interaction. Random effects included RUSITEC apparatus and cow rumen inoculum (n = 4). Ergot alkaloids decreased dry matter (DMD) (P = 0.01; 87.9 vs. 87.2%) and organic matter disappearance (OMD) (P = 0.02; 88.8 vs. 88.4%). Inclusion of MDP increased OMD (P = 0.01; 88.3 vs. 88.9%). Neutral detergent fiber disappearance (NDFD) was improved with MDP; however, an EA×MDP interaction was observed with MDP increasing (P < 0.001) NDFD more with EA diet compared to CON. Acetate proportion decreased (P = 0.01) and isovalerate increased (P = 0.03) with EA. Consequently, acetate:propionate was reduced (P = 0.03) with EA. Inclusion of MDP increased total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production (P < 0.001), and proportions of acetate (P = 0.03) and propionate (P = 0.03), and decreased valerate (P < 0.001), isovalerate (P = 0.04), and caproate (P = 0.002). Treatments did not affect (P ≥ 0.17) ammonia, total gas, or methane production (mg/d or mg/g of organic matter fermented). The inclusion of MDP reduced (P < 0.001) microbial nitrogen (MN) production in the effluent and increased (P = 0.01) feed particle-bound MN. Consequently, total MN decreased (P = 0.001) with MDP. In all treatments, the dominant microbial phyla were Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Proteobacteria, and the major microbial genus was Prevotella. Inclusion of MDP further increased the abundance of Bacteroidota (P = 0.04) as it increased both Prevotella (P = 0.04) and Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 (P = 0.001). In conclusion, EA reduced OMD and acetate production due to impaired rumen function, these responses were successfully reversed by the addition of MDP.

Project description:The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) and chloroform on methane (CH4) and H2 production, ruminal metabolites and microbial community structure in cattle fed a tropical forage diet. Eight rumen-fistulated steers were fed a roughage hay diet (Rhodes grass; Chloris gayana) for 31 days (control period). Four animals received the antimethanogenic compound chloroform (1.6 g chloroform-cyclodextrin/100 kg live weight (LW)) while the other four received 3-NOP (2.5 g 3-NOP/animal/day) for 21 days. Methane decrease compared with control period was similar for both treatments (30-38%) with no differences for expelled H2 between controls and treatments. Daily weight gain (DWG) was significantly increased when animals were treated with 3-NOP compared with chloroform and control. Regarding the ruminal fermentation parameters increases in ammonia, acetate and branched chain fatty acids were observed with both compounds compared with the controls. Also, methylamines, alcohols and dimethyl sulfone (DMSO2) concentrations were significantly increased with the treatments compared with control, being greater with 3-NOP. The rumen microbial analyses revealed a similar profile for both treatments, with a shift in operational taxonomic units (OTUs) assigned to the Prevotellaceae and Campylobacteraceae family. Moreover, major archaeal OTUs associated with Methanobrevibacter and Methanosphaera were significantly affected to varying extents based on the inhibitory treatments compared to the control. The abundance of the Methanobrevibacter spp. was decreased by 3-NOP and chloroform, while the Methanomassiliicoccaceae family was inhibited only by 3-NOP. The results suggest that despite the specific mode of action of 3-NOP on methanogens, inhibition of methanogenesis by both compounds resulted in similar responses in metabolism and microbial community structure in the rumen. We hypothesized that these changes were driven by the redirection of metabolic hydrogen ([H]) by both treatments. Therefore results from previous publications using chloroform as an inhibitor of methanogenesis may be useful in predicting ruminal microbiota and fermentation responses to 3-NOP.

Project description:Ruminal microflora is closely correlated with the ruminant's diet. However, information regarding the effect of high concentrate diets on rumen microflora in yaks is lacking. In the current study, 24 healthy male yaks were randomly assigned to two groups, each fed with different diets: less concentrate (LC; concentrate: coarse = 40: 60) and high concentrate (HC; concentrate: coarse = 80: 20) diets. Subsequently, a 21-day feeding trial was performed with the yaks, and rumen fluid samples were collected and compared using 16 s rRNA sequencing. The results showed that NH3-N, total VFA, acetate, butyrate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate were significantly higher in the HC group than that in the LC group (p < 0.05), while microbial diversity and richness were significantly lower in the HC group (p < 0.05). Principal coordinate analysis indicated that rumen microflora was significantly different in LC and HC groups (p < 0.05). In the rumen, phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were the most abundant bacteria, with Firmicutes being more abundant, and Bacteroidota being less abundant in the HC group than those found in the LC group. Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and Prevotella are the highest abundant ones at the genus level. The relative abundance of Acetitomaculum, Ruminococcus, and Candidatus_Saccharimonas were significantly higher in the HC group than that in the LC group (p < 0.05), while the relative abundance of Olsenella was significantly lower in the HC group than in the LC group (p < 0.05). Compared to the LC group, the relative abundance of Prevotella, Ruminococcus, and Candidatus_Saccharimonas was significantly higher in the HC group. The relative abundances of Prevotella, Prevotellaceae_UCG-003, Olsenella, Ruminococcus, Acetitomaculum, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, and NK4A214_group were correlated with ruminal fermentation parameters (p < 0.05). Furthermore, PICRUSt 2 estimation indicated that microbial genes associated with valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis were overexpressed in the rumen microflora of yaks in the HC group (p < 0.05). Conclusively, our results suggest that high concentrate diets affect the microflora composition and fermentation function in yak rumen. The present findings would provide new insights into the health of yaks under high concentrate feeding conditions and serve as a potent reference for the short-term fattening processes of yaks.

Project description:BackgroundFerulic acid esterase (FAE)-secreting Lactiplantibacillus plantarum A1 (Lp A1) is a promising silage inoculant due to the FAE's ability to alter the plant cell wall structure during ensiling, an action that is expected to improve forage digestibility. However, little is known regarding the impacts of Lp A1 on rumen microbiota. Our research assessed the influences of Lp A1 in comparison to a widely adopted commercial inoculant Lp MTD/1 on alfalfa's ensilage, in vitro rumen incubation and microbiota.ResultsSamples of fresh and ensiled alfalfa treated with (either Lp A1 or Lp MTD/1) or without additives (as control; CON) and ensiled for 30, 60 and 90 d were used for fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility and batch culture study. Inoculants treated silage had lower (P < 0.001) pH, acetic acid concentration and dry matter (DM) loss, but higher (P = 0.001) lactic acid concentration than the CON during ensiling. Compared to the CON and Lp MTD/1, silage treated with Lp A1 had lower (P < 0.001) aNDF, ADF, ADL, hemicellulose, and cellulose contents and higher (P < 0.001) free ferulic acid concentration. Compared silage treated with Lp MTD/1, silage treated with Lp A1 had significantly (P < 0.01) improved ruminal gas production and digestibility, which were equivalent to those of fresh alfalfa. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that Lp A1 inoculation improved the relative abundances of rumen's total bacteria, fungi, Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, while the relative abundance of methanogens was reduced by Lp MTD/1 compared with CON. Principal component analysis of rumen bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons showed a clear distinction between CON and inoculated treatments without noticeable distinction between Lp A1 and Lp MTD/1 treatments. Comparison analysis revealed differences in the relative abundance of some bacteria in different taxa between Lp A1 and Lp MTD/1 treatments. Silage treated with Lp A1 exhibited improved rumen fermentation characteristics due to the inoculant effects on the rumen microbial populations and bacterial community.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that silage inoculation of the FAE-producing Lp A1 could be effective in improving silage quality and digestibility, and modulating the rumen fermentation to improve feed utilization.

Dataset Information

The Type of Forage Substrate Preparation Included as Substrate in a RUSITEC System Affects the Ruminal Microbiota and Fermentation Characteristics.

Publications

The Type of Forage Substrate Preparation Included as Substrate in a RUSITEC System Affects the Ruminal Microbiota and Fermentation Characteristics.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets