Dataset Information

Altered Glutamate and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Levels in Schizophrenia: A 1H-MRS and pCASL study.

ABSTRACT: The neurobiology of schizophrenia (SZ) may be altered in older versus younger adults with SZ, as less frequent episodes of symptom exacerbation and increased sensitivity to medications are observed in older age. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of age and diagnosis on glutamate and cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in adults with SZ and healthy controls. Young and older adults with SZ and healthy controls were recruited to participate in this study. Participants completed a neuropsychological battery and neuroimaging that included optimized magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure anterior cingulate (AC) glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (Gln) and arterial spin labeling evaluation for rCBF. Regression analyses revealed significant effects of age with Glu, Gln, Gln/Glu, and AC white matter (WM) rCBF. Glu and WM rCBF decreased linearly with age while Gln and Gln/Glu increased linearly with age. Glu was lower in adults with SZ compared with healthy controls and in older adults versus younger adults but there was no interaction. Glu and WM rCBF were correlated with the UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) and processing speed, and the correlations were stronger in the SZ group. In the largest sample to date, lower Glu and elevated Gln/Glu levels were observed in adults with SZ and in older subjects. Contrary to expectation, these results do not show evidence of accelerated Glu aging in the anterior cingulate region in SZ compared with healthy controls.

SUBMITTER: Wijtenburg SA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5399238 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Altered Glutamate and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Levels in Schizophrenia: A <sup>1</sup>H-MRS and pCASL study.

Wijtenburg S Andrea SA Wright Susan N SN Korenic Stephanie A SA Gaston Frank E FE Ndubuizu Nkemdilim N Chiappelli Joshua J McMahon Robert P RP Chen Hongji H Savransky Anya A Du Xiaoming X Wang Danny J J DJ Kochunov Peter P Hong L Elliot LE Rowland Laura M LM

Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 20160826 2

The neurobiology of schizophrenia (SZ) may be altered in older versus younger adults with SZ, as less frequent episodes of symptom exacerbation and increased sensitivity to medications are observed in older age. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of age and diagnosis on glutamate and cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in adults with SZ and healthy controls. Young and older adults with SZ and healthy controls were recruited to participate in this study. Participants completed a neuropsychol ...[more]

PMID: 27562377

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Project description:BackgroundClinical diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) remains a challenge due to the overlap of symptoms among FTD subtypes and with other psychiatric disorders. Perfusion imaging by arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a promising non-invasive alternative to established PET techniques; however, its sensitivity to imaging parameters can hinder its ability to detect perfusion abnormalities.PurposeThis study evaluated the similarity of regional hypoperfusion patterns detected by ASL relative to the gold standard for imaging perfusion, PET with radiolabeled water (15O-water).Methods and materialsPerfusion by single-delay pseudo continuous ASL (SD-pCASL), free-lunch Hadamard encoded pCASL (FL_TE-pCASL), and 15O-water data were acquired on a hybrid PET/MR scanner in 13 controls and 9 FTD patients. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) by 15O-water was quantified by a non-invasive approach (PMRFlow). Regional hypoperfusion was determined by comparing individual patients to the control group. This was performed using absolute (aCBF) and CBF normalized to whole-brain perfusion (rCBF). Agreement was assessed based on the fraction of overlapping voxels. Sensitivity and specificity of pCASL was estimated using hypoperfused regions of interest identified by 15O-water.ResultsRegion of interest (ROI) based perfusion measured by 15O-water strongly correlated with SD-pCASL (R = 0.85 ± 0.1) and FL_TE-pCASL (R = 0.81 ± 0.14). Good agreement in terms of regional hypoperfusion patterns was found between 15O-water and SD-pCASL (sensitivity = 70%, specificity = 78%) and between 15O-water and FL_TE-pCASL (sensitivity = 71%, specificity = 73%). However, SD-pCASL showed greater overlap (43.4 ± 21.3%) with 15O-water than FL_TE-pCASL (29.9 ± 21.3%). Although aCBF and rCBF showed no significant differences regarding spatial overlap and metrics of agreement with 15O-water, rCBF showed considerable variability across subtypes, indicating that care must be taken when selecting a reference region.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the potential of pCASL for assessing regional hypoperfusion related to FTD and supports its use as a cost-effective alternative to PET.

Dataset Information

Altered Glutamate and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Levels in Schizophrenia: A 1H-MRS and pCASL study.

Publications

Altered Glutamate and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Levels in Schizophrenia: A <sup>1</sup>H-MRS and pCASL study.

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