Dataset Information

Age, period and cohort effects and the predictors of physical activity and sedentary behaviour among Chinese children, from 2004 to 2011.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Very few studies have explored the effects of age, time period, and cohort in association with biological, behavioral, economic, and environmental factors predictors on physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) among Chinese children.

Methods

We used data from a cohort study of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) between 2004 and 2011 (2004, 2006, 2009 and 2011). The outcomes of interest were metabolic equivalent of task (MET) hours per week from both active and sedentary activities. Age, gender, individual characteristics, household size, asset ownership, and urbanisation were included as covariates. Age, period and cohort effects analyses for PA and SB of children (6-17 y, n = 3528) was conducted to explicitly assess differences in PA and SB due to age vs. period effects, and implicitly assess differences by cohorts due to the period-specific experiences across individuals of varying ages.

Results

The mean age of the sample in each time point fluctuated from 12.6 to 11.3 years and PA slightly decreased from 50.0 ± 63.2 MET hours per week (MET-hr./wk) in 2004 to 47.1 ± 54.9 MET-hr./wk. in 2011. However, SB increased from 31.8 ± 22.0 MET-hr./wk. to 37.6 ± 22.2 MET-hr./wk. Girls had lower PA and higher SB levels than boys. Controlling for age effects, marginal period effects on PA were observed in some survey years. Higher levels of urbanisation and number of household computers served as negative and positive predictors for PA and SB, respectively. Higher household income was a positive predictor of SB. Surprisingly, bigger household size was the only negative predictor of SB (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

This longitudinal study followed a large cohort of children over a significant period of their childhood. We observed potential age and secular trends in PA levels. Higher community urbanisation and number of home computers were associated with both PA and SB levels. Larger household size was the only factor that was negatively associated with SB. These findings shed light on health policy and preventative health strategies for China and other countries that are now facing similar public health challenges.

SUBMITTER: Wei X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5402654 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Age, period and cohort effects and the predictors of physical activity and sedentary behaviour among Chinese children, from 2004 to 2011.

Wei Xinping X Zang Yu Y Jia Xiaodong X He Xiangui X Zou Shurong S Wang Hui H Shen Meihua M Zang Jiajie J

BMC public health 20170424 1

<h4>Background</h4>Very few studies have explored the effects of age, time period, and cohort in association with biological, behavioral, economic, and environmental factors predictors on physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) among Chinese children.<h4>Methods</h4>We used data from a cohort study of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) between 2004 and 2011 (2004, 2006, 2009 and 2011). The outcomes of interest were metabolic equivalent of task (MET) hours per week from both ...[more]

PMID: 28438157

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Dramatic increases in child overweight have occurred in China. A comprehensive look at trends in physical activity and sedentary behaviors among Chinese youth is needed. The study aimed to examine trends in domain-specific physical activity and sedentary behaviors, explore mean and distributional changes in predicted behaviors over time, and investigate how behaviors vary by residence. METHODS:Using 2004-2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey data, adjusted means for MET-hours/week from physical activity and hours/week from sedentary behaviors were determined for school children (6-18 years), stratifying by gender, age group, and residence. Physical activity domains included in-school physical activity, active leisure (out-of-school physical activity), active travel (walking or biking), and domestic activity (cooking, cleaning, and child care). For each physical activity domain, the MET-hours/week measure was determined from the total weekly time spent (hours) in domain-specific activities and corresponding MET-values using the Compendium of Energy Expenditures for Youth. Sedentary behaviors included television, computer use, homework, and other behaviors (board games, toys, extracurricular reading and writing). For each sedentary behavior, the hours/week measure was determined from total weekly time spent in specific sedentary behaviors. Residence groups included megacities (population ? 20million), cities/towns (300,000 ? population < 20million), and rural/suburban areas (population < 300,000). Repeated measure linear mixed and quantile regression models were used to predict adjusted means. RESULTS:Little change in physical activity behaviors occurred over time, with the exception of statistically significant trends toward increased domestic activity among male children (p < .05). Across all gender and age groups, statistically significant trends over time toward an average increase in computer use were seen (p < .01); these increases were largely driven by those ?50th percentile on the distribution. Children living in megacities (versus rural areas) reported higher levels of physical activity, homework, and computer use. CONCLUSIONS:Intensified, systematic intervention and policy efforts promoting physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviors among children are needed.

Project description:AimTo undertake a review of the methods and findings of published research evaluating the influence of season on accelerometer-determined sedentary behaviour (SB) and physical activity (PA) in children.MethodsA literature search was carried out using PubMed, Embase, Medline and Web of Science up to, and including, June 2011. The search strategy focused on four key elements: children, SB or PA, season and accelerometer. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they were published in English, included healthy study participants aged ≤ 18 years, reported at least one outcome variable derived from accelerometer-determined measurements, and compared SB or PA between two or more seasons, or controlled for season of measurement. Eligible papers were reviewed and evidence tables compiled reporting on publication year, country studied, study recruitment, consent rate, sample descriptives, study design, accelerometer protocol, valid accelerometer data receipt, season definition, statistical methods and key findings.ResultsSixteen of 819 articles were eligible for inclusion: children aged two to five years, six to twelve, or six to 18 years were included in five, six and five articles respectively. Six articles were from the UK, six from other European countries, three from the USA and one from New Zealand. Study sample sizes ranged from 64 to 5595. PA was reported in all articles but SB in only three. Only four studies were longitudinal and none of these reported SB. Seasonal variation in PA was reported in all UK studies, being highest in summer and lowest in winter. In four non-UK studies seasonal variation in PA was not found. Findings were inconclusive for SB.ConclusionThere is sufficient evidence to support public health interventions aimed at increasing PA during winter in UK children. No conclusions can be drawn regarding the effect of season on children's SB reflecting few studies of small sample size, lack of repeat measures, incomparable definitions of season and inconsistent accelerometer protocols. Future research should determine factors that drive seasonal patterns in PA and SB in children such as age, sex, and geographic and climatic setting to inform interventions and target populations.

Project description:OBJECTIVES:This study investigated physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) among preschool-aged children in Singapore and potential correlates at multiple levels of the socioecological model from in-school and out-of-school settings. DESIGN:A cross-sectional study using a mixed-methods approach. PARTICIPANTS:Parent-child dyads from six preschools in Singapore. METHODS:PA and SB of children (n=72) were quantified using wrist-worn accelerometers for seven consecutive days. Three focus group discussions (FGDs) among 12 teachers explored diverse influences on children's activities, and System for Observing Play and Leisure Activity in Youth (SOPLAY) assessed PA environment and children's activity levels at preschools. Seventy-three parents completed questionnaires on home and neighbourhood factors influencing children's PA and SB. Descriptive analyses of quantitative data and thematic analysis of FGDs were performed. RESULTS:Based on accelerometry, children (4.4±1.1 years) spent a median of 7.8 (IQR 6.4-9.0) hours/day in SB, and 0.5 (0.3-0.8) hours/day in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). MVPA was similar throughout the week, and SB was slightly higher on non-school days. In preschools, SOPLAY showed more children engaging in MVPA outdoors (34.0%) than indoors (7.7%), and absence of portable active play equipment. FGDs revealed issues that could restrict active time at preschool, including academic requirements of the central curriculum and its local implementation. The teachers had varying knowledge about PA guidelines and perceived that the children were sufficiently active. In out-of-school settings, parents reported that their children rarely used outdoor facilities for active play and spent little time in active travel. Few children (23.5%) participated in extracurricular sports, but most (94.5%) reported watching screens for 1.5 (0.5-3.0) hours/day. CONCLUSION:MVPA was low and SB was high in preschool-aged children in an urban Asian setting. We identified diverse in-school and out-of-school correlates of PA and SB that should be taken into account in health promotion strategies.

Project description:Background: Smoking and alcohol consumption have become major public health problems among Chinese women. In this study we explore the behavioral trends in smoking and alcohol consumption of Chinese women. We also explored the changes in the sociodemographic factors that affect the smoking and alcohol consumption behaviors of Chinese women at different reproductive stages. Methods: We used the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey data for 2004 to 2011 to investigate the trends and influential factors of tobacco and alcohol consumption among Chinese women. Data for tobacco and alcohol consumption (consumption of beer or any other alcoholic beverage and smoking of cigarettes) were extracted using questionnaires. We applied the χ² test to examine the trends of alcohol and tobacco consumption among Chinese women over the period of 2004 to 2011. We conducted two penalized logistic regressions with age as the continuous and classification variable (18⁻23, 24⁻29, 30⁻44, and 45⁻49 years), and independent variables included residence, age, and marital status. Results: Drinking rates among Chinese women significantly changed over the period of 2004 to 2011 (p = 0.018). Age was related to tobacco consumption rates for 2009 and 2011 (p < 0.05). Marital status was associated with tobacco consumption rates for 2004, 2009, and 2011 (p < 0.05). Tobacco and alcohol consumption rates from 2004 to 2011 were positively correlated (p < 0.05). Over the period of 2004 to 2011, alcohol consumption rates were higher among women living in urban areas than those among women living in rural areas (p < 0.05). High educational attainment was related to alcohol consumption. Educational attainment levels of secondary or primary schooling and university or above were related to alcohol consumption rates for 2004 to 2011 (p < 0.05). Employed women were more likely to consume alcohol than unemployed women in 2004, 2006, and 2011 (p < 0.05). Data from 2004 to 2011 showed that tobacco and alcohol use were correlated (p < 0.05) and that women aged 45⁻49 years old were more likely to consume tobacco than other women (p < 0.05); Conclusions: The drinking behavior of Chinese women changed considerably over the period of 2004 to 2011. Our results provide further insight on the smoking and drinking behaviors of Chinese women at different reproductive stages and the factors that influence such behaviors. Therefore, our findings on trends and factors that influence rates of tobacco and alcohol use allow for a better understanding of the smoking and drinking behaviors of Chinese women.

Dataset Information

Age, period and cohort effects and the predictors of physical activity and sedentary behaviour among Chinese children, from 2004 to 2011.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Age, period and cohort effects and the predictors of physical activity and sedentary behaviour among Chinese children, from 2004 to 2011.

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