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18F-FDG PET/CT for detection of the primary tumor in adults with extracervical metastases from cancer of unknown primary: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT: Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is a heterogeneous group of cancers, so called when a biopsy from a patient reveals malignancy without giving a clue to where in the body the primary tumor is located. Whole-body 18-fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission-tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) is widely used for diagnosis and staging of most cancers. We hypothesized that 18F-FDG PET/CT-especially if used early-is suitable for the detection of the primary tumor in patients with CUP.To assess the ability of 18F-FDG PET/CT to detect the primary tumor in adult CUP patients.PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Web of Science.Studies on CUP from extracervical metastases in which every patient had received an 18F-FDG PET/CT scan and at least one 18F-FDG PET/CT-positive finding was confirmed by biopsy or clinical follow-up.PRISMA and QUADAS-2 were applied.The pooled detection rate (DR) of 18F-FDG PET/CT was assessed with a fixed-effects model. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed with the I-squared statistic.A total of 2953 articles were identified from which N?=?82 were assessed by full text and N?=?20, comprising 1942 adult patients, were included in the study. Median (range) number of patients and DR was N?=?72 (21-316) and 36.3% (9.8%-75.3%), respectively. Two-thirds of included studies were retrospective, and the pooled DR was 40.93% (95% confidence interval: 38.99%-42.87%). There was large heterogeneity between studies (I-squared?=?95.9%), randomization was not applied, CUP diagnosis was not standardized, and workup (if described) was characterized by multiple testing procedures resulting in a highly selected, challenging patient group.Despite great heterogeneity in diagnostic workup and in studies in general, an overall DR of 40.93% suggests that upfront application of 18F-FDG PET/CT may have a role in CUP by obviating a great many futile diagnostic procedures. To what degree 18F-FDG PET/CT used early in the course of disease may improve the detection rate could not be deducted from selected articles. A large, prospective, preferably randomized, study on the potential benefit of using 18F-FDG PET/CT up front in CUP patients is warranted to judge if and when 18F-FDG PET/CT should be applied in these patients.

SUBMITTER: Burglin SA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5406105 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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18F-FDG PET/CT for detection of the primary tumor in adults with extracervical metastases from cancer of unknown primary: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Burglin Synne Alexandra SA Hess Søren S Høilund-Carlsen Poul Flemming PF Gerke Oke O

Medicine 20170401 16

<h4>Background</h4>Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is a heterogeneous group of cancers, so called when a biopsy from a patient reveals malignancy without giving a clue to where in the body the primary tumor is located. Whole-body 18-fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission-tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) is widely used for diagnosis and staging of most cancers. We hypothesized that 18F-FDG PET/CT-especially if used early-is suitable for the detection of the primary tumor in ...[more]

PMID: 28422888

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Project description:ObjectivesTo compare the diagnostic accuracy of preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI tumor markers for prediction of lymph node metastases (LNM) and aggressive disease in endometrial cancer (EC).MethodsPreoperative whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT and pelvic MRI were performed in 215 consecutive patients with histologically confirmed EC. PET/CT-based tumor standardized uptake value (SUVmax and SUVmean), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and PET-positive lymph nodes (LNs) (SUVmax > 2.5) were analyzed together with the MRI-based tumor volume (VMRI), mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmean), and MRI-positive LN (maximum short-axis diameter ≥ 10 mm). Imaging parameters were explored in relation to surgicopathological stage and tumor grade. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated yielding optimal cutoff values for imaging parameters, and regression analyses were used to assess their diagnostic performance for prediction of LNM and progression-free survival.ResultsFor prediction of LNM, MTV yielded the largest area under the ROC curve (AUC) (AUC = 0.80), whereas VMRI had lower AUC (AUC = 0.72) (p = 0.03). Furthermore, MTV > 27 ml yielded significantly higher specificity (74%, p < 0.001) and accuracy (75%, p < 0.001) and also higher odds ratio (12.2) for predicting LNM, compared with VMRI > 10 ml (58%, 62%, and 9.7, respectively). MTV > 27 ml also tended to yield higher sensitivity than PET-positive LN (81% vs 50%, p = 0.13). Both VMRI > 10 ml and MTV > 27 ml were significantly associated with reduced progression-free survival.ConclusionsTumor markers from 18F-FDG PET/CT outperform MRI markers for the prediction of LNM. MTV > 27 ml yields a high diagnostic performance for predicting aggressive disease and represents a promising supplement to conventional PET/CT reading in EC.Key points• Metabolic tumor volume (MTV) outperforms other 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI markers for preoperative prediction of lymph node metastases (LNM) in endometrial cancer patients. • Using cutoff values for tumor volume for prediction of LNM, MTV > 27 ml yielded higher specificity and accuracy than VMRI> 10 ml. • MTV represents a promising supplement to conventional PET/CT reading for predicting aggressive disease in EC.

Project description:The aim of the study was to analyze the use of block sequential regularized expectation maximization (BSREM) with different β-values for the detection of brain metastases in digital fluorine-18 labeled 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT in lung cancer patients. We retrospectively analyzed staging/restaging 18F-FDG PET/CT scans of 40 consecutive lung cancer patients with new brain metastases, confirmed by MRI. PET images were reconstructed using BSREM (β-values of 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700) and OSEM. Two independent blinded readers (R1 and R2) evaluated each reconstruction using a 4-point scale for general image quality, noise, and lesion detectability. SUVmax of metastases, brain background, target-to-background ratio (TBR), and contrast recovery (CR) ratio were recorded for each reconstruction. Among all reconstruction techniques, differences in qualitative parameters were analyzed using non-parametric Friedman test, while differences in quantitative parameters were compared using analysis of variances for repeated measures. Cohen's kappa (k) was used to measure inter-reader agreement. The overall detectability of brain metastases was highest for BSREM200 (R1: 2.83 ± 1.17; R2: 2.68 ± 1.32) and BSREM300 (R1: 2.78 ± 1.23; R2: 2.68 ± 1.36), followed by BSREM100, which had lower accuracy owing to noise. The highest median TBR was found for BSREM100 (R1: 2.19 ± 1.05; R2: 2.42 ± 1.08), followed by BSREM200 and BSREM300. Image quality ratings were significantly different among reconstructions (p < 0.001). The median quality score was higher for BSREM100-300, and both noise and metastases' SUVmax decreased with increasing β-value. Inter-reader agreement was particularly high for the detectability of photopenic metastases and blurring (all k > 0.65). BSREM200 and BSREM300 yielded the best results for the detection of brain metastases, surpassing both BSREM400 and OSEM, typically used in clinical practice.

Project description:PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore the application of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) image radiomics in the identification of spine multiple myeloma (MM) and bone metastasis (BM), and whether this method could improve the classification diagnosis performance compared with traditional methods.MethodsThis retrospective study collected a total of 184 lesions from 131 patients between January 2017 and January 2021. All images were visually evaluated independently by two physicians with 20 years of experience through the double-blind method, while the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of each lesion was recorded. A total of 279 radiomics features were extracted from the region of interest (ROI) of CT and PET images of each lesion separately by manual method. After the reliability test, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and 10-fold cross-validation were used to perform dimensionality reduction and screening of features. Two classification models of CT and PET were derived from CT images and PET images, respectively and constructed using the multivariate logistic regression algorithm. In addition, the ComModel was constructed by combining the PET model and the conventional parameter SUVmax. The performance of the three classification diagnostic models, as well as the human experts and SUVmax, were evaluated and compared, respectively.ResultsA total of 8 and 10 features were selected from CT and PET images for the construction of radiomics models, respectively. Satisfactory performance of the three radiomics models was achieved in both the training and the validation groups (Training: AUC: CT: 0.909, PET: 0.949, ComModel: 0.973; Validation: AUC: CT: 0.897, PET: 0.929, ComModel: 0.948). Moreover, the PET model and ComModel showed significant improvement in diagnostic performance between the two groups compared to the human expert (Training: P = 0.01 and P = 0.001; Validation: P = 0.018 and P = 0.033), and no statistical difference was observed between the CT model and human experts (P = 0.187 and P = 0.229, respectively).ConclusionThe radiomics model constructed based on 18F-FDG PET/CT images achieved satisfactory diagnostic performance for the classification of MM and bone metastases. In addition, the radiomics model showed significant improvement in diagnostic performance compared to human experts and PET conventional parameter SUVmax.

Dataset Information

18F-FDG PET/CT for detection of the primary tumor in adults with extracervical metastases from cancer of unknown primary: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Publications

18F-FDG PET/CT for detection of the primary tumor in adults with extracervical metastases from cancer of unknown primary: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

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