Dataset Information

Smoke-Free Laws and Hazardous Drinking: A Cross-Sectional Study among U.S. Adults.

ABSTRACT: Tobacco and alcohol use are strongly associated. This cross-sectional study examined the relationship of smoke-free law coverage and smoke-free bar law coverage with hazardous drinking behaviors among a representative sample of U.S. adult drinkers (n = 17,057). We merged 2009 National Health Interview Survey data, American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation U.S. Tobacco Control Laws Database, and Census Population Estimates. Hazardous drinking outcomes included heavy drinking (>14 drinks/week for men; >7 drinks/week for women) and binge drinking (?5 drinks on one or more days during past year). Chi-square tests compared hazardous drinking by sociodemographic factors. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine if smoke-free law and bar law coverages were associated with hazardous drinking, controlling for sociodemographics and smoking status. Subset analyses were conducted among drinkers who also smoked (n = 4074) to assess the association between law coverages and hazardous drinking. Among all drinkers, smoke-free law coverage was not associated with heavy drinking (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.99-1.50) or binge drinking (AOR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.93-1.26). Smoke-free bar law coverage was also found to be unrelated to hazardous drinking. Similar results were found among those drinkers who smoked. Findings suggest that smoke-free laws and bar laws are not associated with elevated risk for alcohol-related health issues.

SUBMITTER: Jiang N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5409613 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Smoke-Free Laws and Hazardous Drinking: A Cross-Sectional Study among U.S. Adults.

Jiang Nan N Jiang Nan N Gonzalez Mariaelena M Ling Pamela M PM Young-Wolff Kelly C KC Glantz Stanton A SA

International journal of environmental research and public health 20170413 4

Tobacco and alcohol use are strongly associated. This cross-sectional study examined the relationship of smoke-free law coverage and smoke-free bar law coverage with hazardous drinking behaviors among a representative sample of U.S. adult drinkers (<i>n</i> = 17,057). We merged 2009 National Health Interview Survey data, American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation U.S. Tobacco Control Laws Database, and Census Population Estimates. Hazardous drinking outcomes included heavy drinking (>14 drinks/week ...[more]

PMID: 28406443

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Project description:ObjectiveIn view of the high-smoking rate among university students in Lebanon and the known adverse effects of second-hand smoking, the American University of Beirut (AUB) decided to implement a non-smoking policy on campus. This study sought to examine the students' compliance and attitudes following the ban.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingA private university in Lebanon.Participants545 randomly selected students were approached. A stratified cluster sample of classes offered in the spring semester of the 2008/2009 academic year was selected. Students completed a self-administered paper and pencil survey during class time.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe main outcomes were compliance with and attitudes towards the ban. Other secondary outcomes were the perception of barriers to implementation of the ban and attitudes towards tobacco control in general.Results535 students participated in the study. Smokers were generally compliant with the ban (72.7%) and for some (20%) it led to a decrease in their smoking. Students' attitude towards the ban and the enforcement of a non-smoking policy in public places across Lebanon varied according to their smoking status whereby non-smokers possessed a more favourable attitude and strongly supported such policies compared with smokers; overall, the largest proportions of students were satisfied to a large extent with the ban and considered it justified (58.6% and 57.2%, respectively). While much smaller percentages reported that the ban would help in reducing smoking to a large extent (16.7%) or it would help smokers quit (7.4%). Perceived barriers to implementation of the non-smoking policy in AUB included the lack of compliance with and strict enforcement of the policy as well as the small number and crowdedness of the smoking areas.ConclusionsAn education campaign, smoking cessation services and strict enforcement of the policy might be necessary to boost its effect in further reducing students' cigarette use.

Project description:Background:A common belief is that one quarter to one third of all diabetes cases remain undiagnosed. However, such prevalence estimates may be overstated by epidemiologic studies that do not use confirmatory testing, as recommended by clinical diagnostic criteria. Objective:To provide national estimates of undiagnosed diabetes by using a confirmatory testing strategy, in line with clinical practice guidelines. Design:Cross-sectional study. Setting:National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey results from 1988 to 1994 and 1999 to 2014. Participants:U.S. adults aged 20 years and older. Measurements:Confirmed undiagnosed diabetes was defined as elevated levels of fasting glucose (?7.0 mmol/L [?126 mg/dL]) and hemoglobin A1c (?6.5%) in persons without diagnosed diabetes. Results:The prevalence of total (diagnosed plus confirmed undiagnosed) diabetes increased from 5.5% (9.7 million adults) in 1988 to 1994 to 10.8% (25.5 million adults) in 2011 to 2014. Confirmed undiagnosed diabetes increased during the past 2 decades (from 0.89% in 1988 to 1994 to 1.2% in 2011 to 2014) but has decreased over time as a proportion of total diabetes cases. In 1988 to 1994, the percentage of total diabetes cases that were undiagnosed was 16.3%; by 2011 to 2014, this estimate had decreased to 10.9%. Undiagnosed diabetes was more common in overweight or obese adults, older adults, racial/ethnic minorities (including Asian Americans), and persons lacking health insurance or access to health care. Limitation:Cross-sectional design. Conclusion:Establishing the burden of undiagnosed diabetes is critical to monitoring public health efforts related to screening and diagnosis. When a confirmatory definition is used, undiagnosed diabetes is a relatively small fraction of the total diabetes population; most U.S. adults with diabetes (about 90%) have received a diagnosis of the condition. Primary Funding Source:National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.

Dataset Information

Smoke-Free Laws and Hazardous Drinking: A Cross-Sectional Study among U.S. Adults.

Publications

Smoke-Free Laws and Hazardous Drinking: A Cross-Sectional Study among U.S. Adults.

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