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B-Cell Responses to Intramuscular Administration of a Bivalent Virus-Like Particle Human Norovirus Vaccine.

ABSTRACT: Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. A virus-like particle (VLP) candidate vaccine induces the production of serum histo-blood group antigen (HBGA)-blocking antibodies, the first identified correlate of protection from HuNoV gastroenteritis. Recently, virus-specific IgG memory B cells were identified to be another potential correlate of protection against HuNoV gastroenteritis. We assessed B-cell responses following intramuscular administration of a bivalent (genogroup I, genotype 1 [GI.1]/genogroup II, genotype 4 [GII.4]) VLP vaccine using protocols identical to those used to evaluate cellular immunity following experimental GI.1 HuNoV infection. The kinetics and magnitude of cellular immunity to G1.1 infection were compared to those after VLP vaccination. Intramuscular immunization with the bivalent VLP vaccine induced the production of antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) and memory B cells. ASC responses peaked at day 7 after the first dose of vaccine and returned to nearly baseline levels by day 28. Minimal increases in ASCs were seen after a second vaccine dose at day 28. Antigen-specific IgG memory B cells persisted at day 180 postvaccination for both GI.1 and GII.4 VLPs. The overall trends in B-cell responses to vaccination were similar to the trends in the responses to infection, where there was a greater bias of an ASC response toward IgA and a memory B-cell response to IgG. The magnitude of the ASC and memory B-cell responses to the GI.1 VLP component of the vaccine was also comparable to that of the responses following GI.1 infection. The production of IgG memory B cells and persistence at day 180 is a key finding and underscores the need for future studies to determine if IgG memory B cells are a correlate of protection following vaccination. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01168401.).

SUBMITTER: Ramani S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5424242 | biostudies-literature | 2017 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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B-Cell Responses to Intramuscular Administration of a Bivalent Virus-Like Particle Human Norovirus Vaccine.

Ramani Sasirekha S Neill Frederick H FH Ferreira Jennifer J Treanor John J JJ Frey Sharon E SE Topham David J DJ Goodwin Robert R RR Borkowski Astrid A Baehner Frank F Mendelman Paul M PM Estes Mary K MK Atmar Robert L RL

Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI 20170505 5

Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. A virus-like particle (VLP) candidate vaccine induces the production of serum histo-blood group antigen (HBGA)-blocking antibodies, the first identified correlate of protection from HuNoV gastroenteritis. Recently, virus-specific IgG memory B cells were identified to be another potential correlate of protection against HuNoV gastroenteritis. We assessed B-cell responses following intramuscular administration of a ...[more]

PMID: 28249841

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Project description:Abstract Background With the introduction of routine childhood rotavirus vaccination, norovirus is now becoming the major cause of medically-attended gastroenteritis in children. Takeda is developing a norovirus vaccine (NoV) that contains genotypes GI.1 and GII.4 consensus (GII.4c) sequence VLPs. We report the immunogenicity data of NoV administered to children from 6 months up to 4 years of age. Methods Two age cohorts (1 to < 4 years, and 6 to < 12 months, n = 120 per cohort) were enrolled in this ongoing double-blind, randomized, phase 2 dose-finding study conducted in Colombia and Panama. Children received one or two intramuscular doses of NoV formulations containing 15/15, 15/50, 50/50 or 50/150 μg of GI.1/GII.4c VLPs adjuvanted with 0.5 mg Al(OH)3. Vaccinations were on Days 1 and 29, with saline placebo as dose two to maintain blinding in one dose groups. Antibody responses to each VLP were measured on days 1, 29 and 57 as functional histo-blood group binding antigen blocking antibodies (HBGA), expressed as seroresponse rates (SRR), the proportions displaying ≥ 4-fold increases over baseline, and geometric mean titres (GMT). Results Each formulation induced dosage-dependent HBGA responses after a single dose, with a further increase after a second dose. In 1- to <4 year-olds HBGA SRR against GI.1 and GII.4c after one dose were 55–62% and 67–82%, respectively. SRR increased to 93–100% and 83–100% after a second dose. In 6 to < 12 month-olds responses were lower after the first dose: SRRs were 10–61% and 17–65% for GI.1 and GII.4c, respectively, increasing to 83–100% and 80–92% after a second dose. GMTs reflected this pattern of responses with higher GMTs for GI.1 and GII.4c achieved with the 50/150 μg formulation than the other dosages after both vaccinations in both age cohorts. Conclusion In 6–12 month-old infants and children up to 4 years of age, robust immune responses to the bivalent norovirus VLP vaccine candidates were observed; the highest HBGA responses in both age cohorts were observed after two doses of the 50/150 μg formulation. Further clinical evaluation of these formulations is underway in infants < 6 months of age. Clinical Trial Registration (NCT: 02153112, EudraCT: 2014-000778-20) Disclosures T. Masuda, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG: Employee, Salary. I. Lefevre, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG: Employee, Salary. P. Mendelman, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG: Employee, Salary. J. Sherwood, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG: Employee, Salary. S. Bizjajeva, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG: Employee, Salary. A. Borkowski, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG: Employee, Salary.

Dataset Information

B-Cell Responses to Intramuscular Administration of a Bivalent Virus-Like Particle Human Norovirus Vaccine.

Publications

B-Cell Responses to Intramuscular Administration of a Bivalent Virus-Like Particle Human Norovirus Vaccine.

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