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Nanochitosan supports growth of Zea mays and also maintains soil health following growth.

ABSTRACT: The present study evaluated the effect of nanochitosan in combination with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), PS2 and PS10 on maize growth. The PGPR were earlier recognized as Bacillus spp. on the basis of 16S rDNA sequencing. The observation revealed enhanced plant health parameters like seed germination (from 60 to 96.97%), plant height (1.5-fold increase), and leaf area (twofold). Variability in different physicochemical parameters (pH, oxidizable organic carbon, available phosphorous, available potassium, ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen) was observed. Activities of soil health indicator enzymes (dehydrogenase, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis and alkaline phosphatase) were also enhanced 2 to 3 fold. Plant metabolites with respect to different treatments were also analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and the result revealed an increase in the amounts of alcohols, acid ester and aldehyde compounds. Increase in organic acids indicates increased stress tolerance mechanism operating in maize plant after treatment of nanochitosan.

SUBMITTER: Khati P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5429309 | biostudies-literature | 2017 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Nanochitosan supports growth of Zea mays and also maintains soil health following growth.

Khati Priyanka P Chaudhary Parul P Gangola Saurabh S Bhatt Pankaj P Sharma Anita A

3 Biotech 20170512 1

The present study evaluated the effect of nanochitosan in combination with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), PS2 and PS10 on maize growth. The PGPR were earlier recognized as Bacillus spp. on the basis of 16S rDNA sequencing. The observation revealed enhanced plant health parameters like seed germination (from 60 to 96.97%), plant height (1.5-fold increase), and leaf area (twofold). Variability in different physicochemical parameters (pH, oxidizable organic carbon, available phosphoro ...[more]

PMID: 28500403

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Project description:The relationship between leaf water potential, soil water potential, and transpiration depends on soil and plant hydraulics and stomata regulation. Recent concepts of stomatal response to soil drying relate stomatal regulation to plant hydraulics, neglecting the loss of soil hydraulic conductance around the roots. Our objective was to measure the effect of soil drying on the soil-plant hydraulic conductance of maize and to test whether stomatal regulation avoids a loss of soil-plant hydraulic conductance in drying soils. We combined a root pressure chamber, in which the soil-root system is pressurized to maintain the leaf xylem at atmospheric pressure, with sap flow sensors to measure transpiration rate. The method provides accurate and high temporal resolution measurements of the relationship between transpiration rate and xylem leaf water potential. A simple soil-plant hydraulic model describing the flow of water across the soil, root, and xylem was used to simulate the relationship between leaf water potential and transpiration rate. The experiments were carried out with 5-week-old maize grown in cylinders of 9 cm diameter and 30 cm height filled with silty soil. The measurements were performed at four different soil water contents (WC). The results showed that the relationship between transpiration and leaf water potential was linear in wet soils, but as the soil dried, the xylem tension increased, and nonlinearities were observed at high transpiration rates. Nonlinearity in the relationship between transpiration and leaf water potential indicated a decrease in the soil-plant hydraulic conductance, which was explained by the loss of hydraulic conductivity around the roots. The hydraulic model well reproduced the observed leaf water potential. Parallel experiments performed with plants not being pressurized showed that plants closed stomata when the soil-plant hydraulic conductance decreased, maintaining the linearity between leaf water potential and transpiration rate. We conclude that stomata closure during soil drying is caused by the loss of soil hydraulic conductivity in a predictable way.

Project description:Plant growth-limiting factors, such as low nutrient availability and weak pathogen resistance, may hinder the production of several crops. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) used in agriculture, which stimulate plant growth and development, can serve as a potential tool to mitigate or even circumvent these limitations. The present study evaluated the feasibility of using bacteria isolated from the maize rhizosphere as PGPB for the cultivation of this crop. A total of 282 isolates were collected and clustered into 57 groups based on their genetic similarity using BOX-PCR. A representative isolate from each group was selected and identified at the genus level with 16S rRNA sequencing. The identified genera included Bacillus (61.5% of the isolates), Lysinibacillus (30.52%), Pseudomonas (3.15%), Stenotrophomonas (2.91%), Paenibacillus (1.22%), Enterobacter (0.25%), Rhizobium (0.25%), and Atlantibacter (0.25%). Eleven isolates with the highest performance were selected for analyzing the possible pathways underlying plant growth promotion using biochemical and molecular techniques. Of the selected isolates, 90.9% were positive for indolepyruvate/phenylpyruvate decarboxylase, 54.4% for pyrroloquinoline quinine synthase, 36.4% for nitrogenase reductase, and 27.3% for nitrite reductase. Based on biochemical characterization, 9.1% isolates could fix nitrogen, 36.6% could solubilize phosphate, 54.5% could produce siderophores, and 90.9% could produce indole acetic acid. Enzymatic profiling revealed that the isolates could degrade starch (90.1%), cellulose (72.7%), pectin (81.8%), protein (90.9%), chitin (18.2%), urea (54.5%), and esters (45.4%). Based on the data obtained, we identified three Bacillus spp. (LGMB12, LGMB273, and LGMB426), one Stenotrophomonas sp. (LGMB417), and one Pseudomonas sp. (LGMB456) with the potential to serve as PGPB for maize. Further research is warranted to evaluate the biotechnological potential of these isolates as biofertilizers under field conditions.

Dataset Information

Nanochitosan supports growth of Zea mays and also maintains soil health following growth.

Publications

Nanochitosan supports growth of Zea mays and also maintains soil health following growth.

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