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The Role of Heparanase in the Pathogenesis of Acute Pancreatitis: A Potential Therapeutic Target.

ABSTRACT: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common diseases in gastroenterology. However, neither the etiology nor the pathophysiology of the disease is fully understood and no specific or effective treatment has been developed. Heparanase is an endoglycosidase that cleaves heparan sulfate (HS) side chains of HS sulfate proteoglycans into shorter oligosaccharides, activity that is highly implicated in cellular invasion associated with cancer metastasis and inflammation. Given that AP involves a strong inflammatory aspect, we examined whether heparanase plays a role in AP. Here, we provide evidence that pancreatic heparanase expression and activity are significantly increased following cerulein treatment. Moreover, pancreas edema and inflammation, as well as the induction of cytokines and signaling molecules following cerulein treatment were attenuated markedly by heparanase inhibitors, implying that heparanase plays a significant role in AP. Notably, all the above features appear even more pronounced in transgenic mice over expressing heparanase, suggesting that these mice can be utilized as a sensitive model system to reveal the molecular mechanism by which heparanase functions in AP. Heparanase, therefore, emerges as a potential new target in AP, and heparanase inhibitors, now in phase I/II clinical trials in cancer patients, are hoped to prove beneficial also in AP.

SUBMITTER: Khamaysi I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5429646 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Role of Heparanase in the Pathogenesis of Acute Pancreatitis: A Potential Therapeutic Target.

Khamaysi Iyad I Singh Preeti P Nasser Susan S Awad Hoda H Chowers Yehuda Y Sabo Edmond E Hammond Edward E Gralnek Ian I Minkov Irena I Noseda Alessandro A Ilan Neta N Vlodavsky Israel I Abassi Zaid Z

Scientific reports 20170406 1

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common diseases in gastroenterology. However, neither the etiology nor the pathophysiology of the disease is fully understood and no specific or effective treatment has been developed. Heparanase is an endoglycosidase that cleaves heparan sulfate (HS) side chains of HS sulfate proteoglycans into shorter oligosaccharides, activity that is highly implicated in cellular invasion associated with cancer metastasis and inflammation. Given that AP involves a s ...[more]

PMID: 28386074

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Project description:The present study aimed to reveal the metabolic alterations of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in uterosacral ligament (USL) with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and to explore the role of transforming growth factor‑β1 (TGF‑β1) in pathogenesis of POP. For this purpse, 60 participants who underwent hysterectomy for benign indications were enrolled, 30 of which had symptomatic POP (grade II, III or IV) and composed the POP group, and the other 30 had asymptomatic POP (grade I or less) and served as the controls. Collagen fibers, elastin,matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑2/9, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP)‑2 and TGF‑β1 were examined by Masson's trichrome staining, immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR using USL biopsies. In vitro, human USL fibroblasts (hUSLFs) were primary cultured, pre-treated with recombinant TGF‑β1 (0, 5, or 10 ng/ml) and then subjected to cyclic mechanical stretching (CMS; 0 or 5,333 µε strain). Changes in the expression levels of collagen type I/III, elastin, TIMP‑2, MMP‑2/9 and Smad were detected. Our results revealed that at the tissue level, the expression of collagen fibers, elastin, TIMP‑2 and TGF‑β1 was significantly reduced in the POP group, while the activities of MMP‑2/9 were significantly upregulated, compared with the control group. Statistical analysis indicated that the mRNA expression of TGF‑β1 inversely correlated with the severity of POP partially. Our in vitro experimental data demonstrated that a CMS of 5333 µε strain promoted the degradation of ECM proteins, inhibited the synthesis of TIMP‑2, and upregulated the proteolytic activities of MMP‑2/9. Pre-treatment with TGF‑β1 attenuated the loss of ECM by stimulating the synthesis of TIMP‑2 and inhibiting the activities of MMP‑2/9 through the TGF‑β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. On the whole, our data indicate that the reduced anabolism and increased catabolism of ECM proteins in USL are the pathological characteristics of POP. TGF‑β1 not only has a specific value in predicting the severity of POP, but should also be considered as a novel therapeutic target for POP.

Dataset Information

The Role of Heparanase in the Pathogenesis of Acute Pancreatitis: A Potential Therapeutic Target.

Publications

The Role of Heparanase in the Pathogenesis of Acute Pancreatitis: A Potential Therapeutic Target.

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