Determinants of Change in Objectively Assessed Sleep Duration Among Older Men.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Smagula SF
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5430938 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Later life changes in body weight may be associated with an increased risk of mortality in older adults. The objective of this study was to examine whether weight change over four years was associated with a 17-year mortality risk in older adults. Participants were 1664 community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years in the longitudinal Enquete de Sante' Psychologique-Risques, Incidence et Traitement (ESPRIT) study. Outcomes were all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality. Weight change was defined as difference between weight at baseline and 4 years, categorised into: weight stable (±<5% weight change), weight loss (≥5%) and weight gain (≥5%). Association between weight change and mortality risk was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models. Over 17 years of follow-up (median 15 years), 565 participants died. Compared to stable weight participants, those with ≥ 5% weight loss had an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.00-1.56, p = 0.05) and CVD mortality (HR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.10-2.14, p = 0.01), but not cancer mortality (HR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.50-1.39, p = 0.49). Weight gain of ≥5% was not associated with increased mortality (HR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.76-1.45, p = 0.74). Weight monitoring in older adults could help identify weight loss at its early stages to better target interventions to maintain nutritional reserve and prevent premature mortality.
| S-EPMC9320907 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVES:Hyperkyphosis is associated with restricted pulmonary function and posture, potentially contributing to poor sleep. A previous study reported older women with hyperkyphosis had worse self-reported sleep quality, but it is less clear if this association exists in men. We examined the association between hyperkyphosis and subjective and objective sleep quality in a cohort of older men. DESIGN:Longitudinal analysis of data from large cohort of older men participating in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS). SETTING:Community. PARTICIPANTS:We studied 754 men participants in MrOS who had kyphosis measured during the 3rd clinic visit (2007-2009) and future subjective and objective sleep quality assessed between 2009-2012 (an average of 2.9 years later). INTERVENTION:N/A. MEASUREMENTS:To measure kyphosis, 1.7 cm thick wooden blocks were placed under the participant's head to achieve a neutral spine position while lying supine on a DXA table. We collected data on both subjective (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI], and Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS]) and objective (wrist actigraphy: Total Sleep Time [TST], Wake After Sleep Onset [WASO], Sleep Efficiency [SE], Sleep Onset Latency [SOL]; and polysomnography: Apnea Hypopnea Index [AHI]) sleep measurements. Those who required >3 blocks were considered hyperkyphotic (n = 145 or 19.2%). RESULTS:In unadjusted and multivariable analyses, men with hyperkyphosis did not report having worse self-reported sleep characteristics based on PSQI and ESS. Similarly, there were no significant associations between hyperkyphosis and objective sleep measures. When examined as a continuous predictor (blocks ranging from 0-8), results were no different. CONCLUSIONS:Although we hypothesized that poor posture in those with hyperkyphosis would interfere with sleep, in this sample of older men, worse kyphosis was not associated with self-reported or objectively measured poor sleep quality.
| S-EPMC7012394 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Our primary purpose was to assess the impact of objectively measured nighttime sleep duration on gestational glucose tolerance. We additionally examined associations of objectively measured daytime sleep duration and nap frequency on maternal glycemic control.Sixty-three urban, low-income, pregnant women wore wrist actigraphs for an average of 6 full days in mid-pregnancy prior to screening for hyperglycemia using the 1-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Correlations of nighttime and daytime sleep durations with 1-h OGTT values were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate independent associations between sleep parameters and hyperglycemia, defined as 1-h OGTT values ?130 mg/dL.Mean nighttime sleep duration was 6.9±0.9 h which was inversely correlated with 1-h OGTT values (r=-0.28, P=.03). Shorter nighttime sleep was associated with hyperglycemia, even after controlling for age and body mass index (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.2 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.1-0.8]). There were no associations of daytime sleep duration and nap frequency with 1-h OGTT values or hyperglycemia.Using objective measures of maternal sleep time, we found that women with shorter nighttime sleep durations had an increased risk for gestational hyperglycemia. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm our negative daytime sleep findings.
| S-EPMC3947268 | biostudies-other
Project description:ObjectiveGiven the lack of studies examining the associations between daily weather and air pollution with nightly objective sleep over multiple weeks, we quantified these associations in a prospective cohort of healthy participants with episodic migraine.MethodsNinety-eight participants completed daily electronic diaries and wore an actigraph for an average of 45 ds, and a total 4406 nights of data were collected. Nightly sleep characteristics including duration, wake after sleep onset (WASO), and efficiency were assessed using wrist actigraphy. Daily weather parameters and air pollution levels were collected from local weather station and ground-level air quality monitors. We used linear fixed effects models adjusting for participant, day of the week, and day of the year (for weather analysis), and additionally adjusted for temperature and relative humidity (for air pollution analysis).ResultsThe participants were 35 ± 12 yrs old and 86 were women. A 10 °F higher daily average temperature was associated with 0.88 (95% CI: 0.06, 1.70) minutes longer WASO and 0.14% (95% CI: -0.01%, 0.30%) lower sleep efficiency on that night. A 14 parts per billion (ppb) (interquartile range) higher daily maximum eight-h ozone was associated with 7.51 (95% CI: 3.23, 11.79) minutes longer sleep duration on that night. Associations did not differ between cold (October-March) and warm (April-September) seasons.ConclusionsHigher daily ozone was associated with longer sleep duration and modest associations were observed between higher temperature and lower WASO and lower efficiency.
| S-EPMC7669563 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Interventions to promote healthy pregnancy in women with obesity by improving diet quality have been widely unsuccessful. We hypothesized that diet quality is determined by eating behaviors, but evidence in women with obesity is lacking. We evaluated diet quality and eating behavior in 56 women with obesity (mean ± SEM, 36.7 ± 0.7 kg/m2, 46% White, 50% nulliparous) early in pregnancy (14.9 ± 0.1 weeks). Diet quality was objectively assessed with food photography over six days and defined by Healthy Eating Index. Eating behaviors were assessed by validated questionnaires. Women reported consuming diets high in fat (38 ± 1% of energy) and the HEI was considered "poor" on average (46.7 ± 1.3), and for 71% of women. Diet quality was independently associated with education level (p = 0.01), food cravings (p < 0.01), and awareness towards eating (p = 0.01). Cravings for sweets and fast foods were positively correlated with respective intakes of these foods (p < 0.01 and p = 0.04, respectively), whereas cravings for fruits and vegetables did not relate to diet intake. We provide evidence of the determinants of poor diet quality in pregnant women with obesity. Based on this observational study, strategies to improve diet quality and pregnancy outcomes are to satisfy cravings for healthy snacks and foods, and to promote awareness towards eating behaviors.
| S-EPMC6682916 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The present study aims to examine and compare the predictors of changes in self-reported sleep duration in older adults. A total of 2,294 participants over the age of 65 in the Shih-Pai Sleep Study were followed-up for an average of 3 years. According to the self-reported sleep duration at baseline and the results of a follow-up survey conducted 3 years later, participants were classified into three categories: mid-range sleepers (6-7?hours), short sleepers (?5?hours), and long sleepers (?8?hours). The main outcome variable was the sleep duration at the follow-up survey. A comparison of the results of the baseline and follow-up surveys revealed that only 45.9% of participants remained in the same spectrum of sleep duration in both surveys, with baseline long sleepers having the lowest consistency rate (27.6%). Only incident diseases, with the exception of prevalent diabetes and physical disability, predicted shortening of sleep duration. In contrast, prevalent morbidities or baseline characteristics correlated with the lengthening of sleep duration. The findings suggested that the self-estimated sleep duration fluctuated in a significant proportion of study participants over time. Predictors of lengthening of sleep duration were essentially different from predictors of shortening of sleep duration.
| S-EPMC5498583 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSedentary behaviours (SB) are highly prevalent in young people and may be adversely associated with physical and mental health. Understanding of the modifiable determinants of SB is necessary to inform the design of behaviour change interventions but much of the existing research is cross-sectional and focussed upon screen-based behaviours.PurposeTo examine the social, psychological and environmental determinants of change in children's objectively measured sedentary time from age 11 to 14 years.MethodsData are from the second (2008) and third (2011) waves of assessment in the Sport, Physical Activity, and Eating Behaviour: Environmental Determinants in Young People (SPEEDY) study, conducted in the county of Norfolk, United Kingdom. Longitudinal data on accelerometer assessed sedentary time were available for 316 (53.5% female, 11.2±0.3 years at baseline) and 264 children after-school and at the weekend respectively. Information on 14 candidate determinants, including school travel mode and electronic media ownership, was self-reported. Change in the proportion of registered time spent sedentary was used as the outcome variable in cross-classified linear regression models, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index and baseline sedentary time. Simple and multiple models were run and interactions with sex explored.ResultsDaily sedentary time increased by 30-40 minutes after-school and at the weekend from baseline to follow-up. Participants who travelled to school by cycle exhibited smaller increases in after-school sedentary time (beta; 95%CI for change in % time spent sedentary: -3.3;-6.7,-0.07). No significant determinants of change in weekend sedentary time were identified.ConclusionsTime spent sedentary increased during the three-year duration of follow-up but few of the variables examined were significantly associated with changes in sedentary time. Children's mode of school travel may influence changes in their sedentary time over this period and should be examined further, alongside broader efforts to identify modifiable determinants of SB during childhood.
| S-EPMC5152854 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Prolonged periods of sitting time can be adversely associated with older adults' well-being and functional capacities. Understanding patterns and contexts of sedentary behaviors (SB) can inform approaches to prevention. This study examined Japanese older adults' objectively-assessed patterns and reported domains of SB and their interrelationships. METHODS:Participants (n = 297; aged 65-84 years) of this cross-sectional study wore an accelerometer for 7 days and completed a survey. Five measures related to SB patterns were identified from the accelerometer data. SB from six domains, socio-demographics, and chronic conditions were identified from the survey data. Relative contributions of six domains to objectively-measured prolonged sedentary time (?30 minutes) and the number of breaks were examined in a series of multivariate linear regressions. Covariates were socio-demographics, chronic conditions, and accelerometer wear time. RESULTS:On average, participants spent 8.8 hours a day sedentary (58% of accelerometer wear time), with 7.6 breaks per sedentary hour, and 3.7 hours a day through prolonged sedentary bouts (4.4 time/day). The proportions of time in the SB domains were 9.4% for car, 4.0% for public transport, 6.1% for work, 45.5% for television (TV) viewing, 9.8% for computer use, and 25.1% for other leisure. Domains of SB that contributed significantly to longer sedentary time through prolonged bouts were TV viewing and computer use. TV viewing was also associated with a lesser number of breaks. CONCLUSIONS:For Japanese older adults, initiatives to address SB could focus on breaking-up prolonged periods of SB by encouraging more frequent breaks, especially during TV viewing.
| S-EPMC6680057 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Self-reported short or long sleep duration has been associated with adverse cardiometabolic health outcomes in laboratory and epidemiologic studies, but interpretation of such data has been limited by methodologic issues.Adult respondents of the 2007-2008 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were examined in a cross-sectional analysis (N=5649). Self-reported sleep duration was categorized as very short (<5 h), short (5-6 h), normal (7-8 h), or long (?9 h). Obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were objectively assessed by self-reported history. Statistical analyses included univariate comparisons across sleep duration categories for all variables. Binary logistic regression analyses and cardiometabolic factor as outcome, with sleep duration category as predictor, were assessed with and without covariates. Observed relationships were further assessed for dependence on race/ethnicity.In adjusted analyses, very short sleep was associated with self-reported hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 2.02, [95% confidence interval {CI},1.45-2.81]; P<0.0001), self-reported hyperlipidemia (OR, 1.96 [95% CI, 1.43-2.69]; P<0.0001), objective hyperlipidemia (OR, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.04-1.91]; P=0.03), self-reported DM (OR, 1.76 [95% CI, 1.13-2.74]; P=0.01), and objective obesity (OR, 1.53 [95% CI, 1.03-1.43]; P=0.005). Regarding short sleep (5-6 h), in adjusted analyses, elevated risk was seen for self-reported hypertension (OR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.02-1.45]; P=0.03) self-reported obesity (OR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.03-1.43]; P=0.02), and objective obesity (OR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.00-1.38]; P<0.05). Regarding long sleep (?9 h), no elevated risk was found for any outcomes. Interactions with race/ethnicity were significant for all outcomes; race/ethnicity differences in patterns of risk varied by outcome studied. In particular, the relationship between very short sleep and obesity was strongest among blacks and the relationship between short sleep and hypertension is strongest among non-Hispanic whites, blacks, and non-Mexican Hispanics/Latinos.Short sleep duration is associated with self-reported and objectively determined adverse cardiometabolic outcomes, even after adjustment for many covariates. Also, these patterns of risk depend on race/ethnicity.
| S-EPMC3947242 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe steep decline in physical activity (PA) among the oldest old is not well understood; there is little information about the patterns of change in PA and sedentary behaviour (SB) in older people. Longitudinal data on objectively measured PA data can give insights about how PA and SB change with age.MethodsMen age 70-90 yr, from a United Kingdom population-based cohort wore a GT3X accelerometer over the hip annually on up to three occasions (56%, 50%, and 51% response rates) spanning 2 yr. Multilevel models were used to estimate change in activity. Men were grouped according to achieving ≥150 min·wk of MVPA in bouts of ≥10 min (current guidelines) at two or three time points.ResultsA total of 1419 ambulatory men had ≥600 min wear time on ≥3 d at ≥2 time points. At baseline, men took 4806 steps per day and spent 72.5% of their day in SB, 23.1% in light PA, and 4.1% in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Mean change per year was -341 steps, +1.1% SB, -0.7% light PA, and -0.4% MVPA each day (all P < 0.001). A total of 76.3% (n = 1083) never met guidelines ("stable low"), 7.9% (n = 112) consistently met guidelines ("stable high"), 8.2% (n = 116) stopped meeting guidelines by the last occasion ("decreasers"), and 4.9% (n = 69) started meeting guidelines by the last occasion ("increasers"). "Decreasers" spent 69.3% of each day in SB at baseline, which increased by 2% per year (P < 0.005), light activity remained at 23.3% (change, -0.2% per year; P = 0.4), and total MVPA decreased from 7.1% by -1.7% per year, (P < 0.001). The number of sedentary bouts >30 min increased from 5.1 by 0.1 per year (P = 0.02).ConclusionsAmong older adults, the steep decline in total PA occurred because of reductions in MVPA, while light PA is relatively spared and sedentary time and long sedentary bouts increase.
| S-EPMC4281510 | biostudies-literature