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An ?-3 fatty acid desaturase-expressing gene attenuates prostate cancer proliferation by cell cycle regulation.

ABSTRACT: Previous studies have reported that ?-6 and ?-3 fatty acids have opposing effects on cancer development. Consuming high levels of long-chain ?-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been shown to reduce prostate cancer risk and increase chemotherapy sensitivity. The sdd17 gene encodes an ?-3 fatty acid desaturase, which converts arachidonic acid into eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). However, little is known regarding the function of the sdd17 gene in tumor cells in vitro. In the present study, prostate cancer cells were infected with the msdd17 gene, which allowed the endogenous production of ?-3 PUFAs. The cells that expressed the msdd17 gene had high levels of long-chain ?-3 PUFAs compared with the control cells. Expression of the msdd17 gene significantly inhibited prostate cancer cell proliferation. EPA exposure and msdd17 gene transfection each induced G2 cell cycle arrest and reduced E2F transcription factor 1 expression in prostate cancer cells. These results suggest that msdd17 gene transfection suppressed prostate cancer cell proliferation and induced G2 cell cycle arrest.

SUBMITTER: Pan J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5431302 | biostudies-literature | 2017 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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An Ω-3 fatty acid desaturase-expressing gene attenuates prostate cancer proliferation by cell cycle regulation.

Pan Jinshun J Zhou Sujin S Xiang Rong R Zhao Zhenggang Z Liu Shanshan S Ding Ning N Gong Sijia S Lin Yan Y Li Xiaoxi X Bai Xiaoming X Li Fanghong F Zhao Allan Z AZ

Oncology letters 20170321 5

Previous studies have reported that Ω-6 and Ω-3 fatty acids have opposing effects on cancer development. Consuming high levels of long-chain Ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been shown to reduce prostate cancer risk and increase chemotherapy sensitivity. The sdd17 gene encodes an Ω-3 fatty acid desaturase, which converts arachidonic acid into eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). However, little is known regarding the function of the sdd17 gene in tumor cells <i>in vitro</i>. In the present st ...[more]

PMID: 28521474

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Project description:BACKGROUND: The majority of commercial cotton varieties planted worldwide are derived from Gossypium hirsutum, which is a naturally occurring allotetraploid produced by interspecific hybridization of A- and D-genome diploid progenitor species. While most cotton species are adapted to warm, semi-arid tropical and subtropical regions, and thus perform well in these geographical areas, cotton seedlings are sensitive to cold temperature, which can significantly reduce crop yields. One of the common biochemical responses of plants to cold temperatures is an increase in omega-3 fatty acids, which protects cellular function by maintaining membrane integrity. The purpose of our study was to identify and characterize the omega-3 fatty acid desaturase (FAD) gene family in G. hirsutum, with an emphasis on identifying omega-3 FADs involved in cold temperature adaptation. RESULTS: Eleven omega-3 FAD genes were identified in G. hirsutum, and characterization of the gene family in extant A and D diploid species (G. herbaceum and G. raimondii, respectively) allowed for unambiguous genome assignment of all homoeologs in tetraploid G. hirsutum. The omega-3 FAD family of cotton includes five distinct genes, two of which encode endoplasmic reticulum-type enzymes (FAD3-1 and FAD3-2) and three that encode chloroplast-type enzymes (FAD7/8-1, FAD7/8-2, and FAD7/8-3). The FAD3-2 gene was duplicated in the A genome progenitor species after the evolutionary split from the D progenitor, but before the interspecific hybridization event that gave rise to modern tetraploid cotton. RNA-seq analysis revealed conserved, gene-specific expression patterns in various organs and cell types and semi-quantitative RT-PCR further revealed that FAD7/8-1 was specifically induced during cold temperature treatment of G. hirsutum seedlings. CONCLUSIONS: The omega-3 FAD gene family in cotton was characterized at the genome-wide level in three species, showing relatively ancient establishment of the gene family prior to the split of A and D diploid progenitor species. The FAD genes are differentially expressed in various organs and cell types, including fiber, and expression of the FAD7/8-1 gene was induced by cold temperature. Collectively, these data define the genetic and functional genomic properties of this important gene family in cotton and provide a foundation for future efforts to improve cotton abiotic stress tolerance through molecular breeding approaches.

Project description:High levels of linolenic acid (80 g kg(-1)) are associated with the development of off-flavors and poor stability in soybean oil. The development of low linolenic acid lines such as RG10 (20 g kg(-1) linolenic acid) can reduce these problems. The level of linolenic acid in seed oil is determined by the activities of microsomal omega-3 fatty acid desaturases (FAD3). A major linolenic acid QTL (>70% of variation) on linkage group B2 (chromosome Gm14) was previously detected in a recombinant inbred line population from the RG10 × OX948 cross. The objectives of this study were to validate the major linolenic acid QTL in an independent population and characterize all the soybean FAD3 genes. Four FAD3 genes were sequenced and localized in RG10 and OX948 and compared to the genes in the reference Williams 82 genome. The FAD3A gene sequences mapped to the locus Glyma.14g194300 [on the chromosome Gm14 (B2)], which is syntenic to the FAD3B gene (locus Glyma.02g227200) on the chromosome Gm02 (D1b). The location of the FAD3A gene is the same as was previously determined for the fan allele, that conditions low linolenic acid content and several linolenic acid QTL, including Linolen 3-3, mapped previously with the RG10 × OX948 population and confirmed in the PI 361088B × OX948 population as Linolen-PO (FAD3A). The FAD3B gene-based marker, developed previously, was mapped to the chromosome Gm02 (D1b) in a region containing a newly detected linolenic acid QTL [Linolen-RO(FAD3B)] in the RG10 × OX948 genetic map and corresponds well with the in silico position of the FAD3B gene sequences. FAD3C and FAD3D gene sequences, mapped to syntenic regions on chromosomes Gm18 (locus Glyma.18g062000) and Gm11 (locus Glyma.11g227200), respectively. Association of linolenic acid QTL with the desaturase genes FAD3A and FAD3B, their validation in an independent population, and development of FAD3 gene-specific markers should simplify and accelerate breeding for low linolenic acid soybean cultivars.

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An ?-3 fatty acid desaturase-expressing gene attenuates prostate cancer proliferation by cell cycle regulation.

Publications

An Ω-3 fatty acid desaturase-expressing gene attenuates prostate cancer proliferation by cell cycle regulation.

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