The use of electronic alerts in primary care computer systems to identify the over-prescription of short-acting beta2-agonists in people with asthma: a protocol for a systematic review.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: McKibben S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5435095 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Computers are increasingly used to improve prescribing decisions in the management of long-term conditions however the effects on asthma prescribing remain unclear. We aimed to synthesise the evidence for the use of computerised alerts that identify excessive prescribing of short-acting beta2-agonists (SABAs) to improve asthma management for people with asthma. MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane and Scopus databases (1990-2016) were searched for randomised controlled trials using electronic alerts to identify excessive prescribing of SABAs for people with asthma in primary care. Inclusion eligibility, quality appraisal (Cochrane risk of bias tool) and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. Findings were synthesised narratively. A total of 2035 articles were screened and four trials were eligible. Three studies had low risk of bias: one reported a positive effect on our primary outcome of interest, excessive SABA prescribing; another reported positive effects on the ratio of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-SABA prescribing, and asthma control; a third reported no effect on outcomes of interest. One study at high risk of bias reported a reduction in exacerbations and primary care consultations. There is some evidence that electronic alerts reduce excessive prescribing of SABAs, when delivered as part of a multicomponent intervention in an integrated health care system. However due to the variation in health care systems, intervention design and outcomes measured, further research is required to establish optimal design of alerting and intervening systems.
| S-EPMC5902442 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe overuse of short-acting β2-agonists (SABA) is associated with poor asthma control. However, data on SABA use in the Gulf region are limited. Herein, we describe SABA prescription practices and clinical outcomes in patients with asthma from the Gulf cohort of the SABA use IN Asthma (SABINA) III study.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study conducted at 16 sites across Kuwait, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates, eligible patients (aged ≥ 12 years) with asthma were classified based on investigator-defined disease severity guided by the 2017 Global Initiative for Asthma report and by practice type, i.e., respiratory specialist or primary care physician. Data on demographics, disease characteristics, and prescribed asthma treatments, including SABA, in the 12 months prior to a single, prospective, study visit were transcribed onto electronic case report forms (eCRFs). All analyses were descriptive in nature. Continuous variables were summarized by the number of non-missing values, given as mean (standard deviation [SD]) and median (range). Categorical variables were summarized by frequency counts and percentages.ResultsThis study analyzed data from 301 patients with asthma, 54.5% of whom were treated by respiratory specialists. Most patients were female (61.8%), with a mean age of 43.9 years, and 84.4% were classified with moderate-to-severe disease, with a mean (SD) asthma duration of 14.8 (10.8) years. Asthma was partly controlled or uncontrolled in 51.2% of patients, with 41.9% experiencing ≥ 1 severe exacerbation in the 12 months preceding their study visit. Overall, 58.5% of patients were prescribed ≥ 3 SABA canisters, 19.3% were prescribed ≥ 10 canisters, and 13.3% purchased SABA over-the-counter (OTC) in the 12 months before the study visit. Most patients who purchased OTC SABA (92.5%) also received SABA prescriptions. Inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β2-agonist combinations and oral corticosteroid bursts were prescribed to 87.7% and 22.6% of patients, respectively.ConclusionsSABA over-prescription was highly prevalent in the Gulf region, compounded by purchases of nonprescription SABA and suboptimal asthma-related outcomes. Increased awareness among policymakers and healthcare practitioners is needed to ensure implementation of current, evidence-based, treatment recommendations to optimize asthma management in this region.Trial registrationNCT03857178 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
| S-EPMC9260980 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundOver-reliance on short-acting β2-agonists (SABAs) is associated with poor asthma outcomes. However, the extent of SABA use in Turkey is unclear owing to a lack of comprehensive healthcare databases. Here, we describe the demographics, disease characteristics and treatment patterns from the Turkish cohort of the SABA use IN Asthma (SABINA) III study.MethodsThis observational, cross-sectional study included patients aged ≥ 12 years with asthma from 24 centres across Turkey. Data on sociodemographics, disease characteristics and asthma treatments were collected using electronic case report forms. Patients were classified by investigator-defined asthma severity (guided by the 2017 Global Initiative for Asthma [GINA]) and practice type (primary/specialist care). The primary objective was to describe SABA prescription patterns in the 12 months prior to the study visit.ResultsOverall, 579 patients were included (mean age [standard deviation; SD]: 47.4 [16.1] years; 74.3% female), all of whom were treated by specialists. Most patients had moderate-to-severe asthma (82.7%, GINA steps 3-5), were overweight or obese (70.5%), had high school or university/post-graduate education (51.8%) and reported fully reimbursed healthcare (97.1%). The mean (SD) asthma duration was 12.0 (9.9) years. Asthma was partly controlled/uncontrolled in 56.3% of patients, and 46.5% experienced ≥ 1 severe exacerbation in the preceding 12 months. Overall, 23.9% of patients were prescribed ≥ 3 SABA canisters in the previous 12 months (considered over-prescription); 42.9% received no SABA prescriptions. As few patients had mild asthma, only 5.7% were prescribed SABA monotherapy. Therefore, most patients (61.5%) were prescribed SABA in addition to maintenance therapy, with 42.8% receiving ≥ 3 SABA canisters in the previous 12 months. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), ICS + a long-acting β-agonist fixed-dose combination and oral corticosteroids were prescribed to 14.5%, 88.3% and 28.5% of all patients, respectively. Additionally, 10.2% of patients purchased SABA over the counter, of whom 27.1% purchased ≥ 3 canisters in the preceding 12 months.ConclusionsDespite all patients being treated by specialists and most receiving fully reimbursed healthcare, nearly a quarter of patients received prescriptions for ≥ 3 SABA canisters in the previous 12 months. This highlights a public health concern and emphasizes the need to align clinical practices with the latest evidence-based recommendations.
| S-EPMC9161536 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background5-HT4 receptor (5-HT4 R) agonists exert prokinetic actions in the GI tract, but non-selective actions and potential for stimulation of non-target 5-HT4 Rs have limited their use. Since 5-HT4 Rs are expressed in the colonic epithelium and their stimulation accelerates colonic propulsion in vitro, we tested whether luminally acting 5-HT4 R agonists promote intestinal motility.MethodsNon-absorbed 5-HT4 R agonists, based on prucalopride and naronapride, were assessed for potency at the 5-HT4 R in vitro, and for tissue and serum distribution in vivo in mice. In vivo assessment of prokinetic potential included whole gut transit, colonic motility, fecal output, and fecal water content. Colonic motility was also studied ex vivo in mice treated in vivo. Immunofluorescence was used to evaluate receptor distribution in human intestinal mucosa.Key resultsPharmacological screening demonstrated selectivity and potency of test agonists for 5-HT4 R. Bioavailability studies showed negligible serum detection. Gavage of agonists caused faster whole gut transit and colonic motility, increased fecal output, and elevated fecal water content. Prokinetic actions were blocked by a 5-HT4 R antagonist and were not detected in 5-HT4 R knockout mice. Agonist administration promoted motility in models of constipation. Evaluation of motility patterns ex vivo revealed enhanced contractility in the middle and distal colon. Immunoreactivity for 5-HT4 R is present in the epithelial layer of the human small and large intestines.Conclusions and inferencesThese findings demonstrated that stimulation of epithelial 5-HT4 Rs can potentiate propulsive motility and support the concept that mucosal 5-HT4 Rs could represent a safe and effective therapeutic target for the treatment of constipation.
| S-EPMC7990683 | biostudies-literature
Project description:There are several new treatment options for patients whose asthma remains uncontrolled on free-dose and fixed-dose combinations of inhaled corticosteroids plus long-acting β2-agonists (ICS+LABA). In order to evaluate the likely impact of these treatments, we assessed the effect of uncontrolled asthma on healthcare and patient burden within the UK among adult patients treated with ICS+LABA. Data obtained from 2010-2011 UK National Health and Wellness Surveys identified 701 patients treated with ICS+LABA. Patients with not well-controlled asthma (Asthma Control Test™ score <20) were compared with well-controlled asthma (score ≥ 20) patients on multiple measures. Cost burden was calculated using healthcare resource utilisation models and work productivity and impairment questionnaire. Overall, 452 and 249 patients reported not well-controlled and well-controlled asthma, respectively. A greater proportion of not well-controlled patients visited the accident & emergency department (21 vs. 14%, P = 0.016), were hospitalised (13 vs. 8%, P = 0.022) and had lower mental and physical health-related quality of life (P < 0.001) and impaired work productivity and activity scores: presenteeism (23 vs. 11%, P < 0.001), work impairment (29 vs. 17%, P < 0.001) and activity impairment (46 vs. 24%, P < 0.001). Calculated direct and indirect yearly costs/person doubled among not well-controlled compared to well-controlled asthma patients (£6592 vs. £3220). Total cost to society was estimated at £6172 million/year (direct costs, £1307 million; indirect costs, £4865 million). In conclusion, not well-controlled asthma is common among UK adults treated with ICS+LABA, resulting in impairments across a number of important health outcomes and represents a significant unmet need and resource burden.AsthmaDRUG COMBO LEAVES MANY WITH UNCONTROLLED DISEASE: Many people who take inhaled steroids combined with long-acting β2-agonist drugs still have poorly controlled asthma. A team led by Ian Pavord from the University of Oxford, UK, identified 701 people from the 2010-2011 UK National Health and Wellness Surveys who were taking this drug combination for their asthma. The researchers found that nearly two-thirds of these individuals had poorly controlled asthma associated with more visits to the emergency room, worse quality of life (both mentally and physically), impaired productivity and other health problems. The calculated direct and indirect costs per person with poorly controlled asthma were about double that for someone whose asthma was under control. The authors conclude that better treatment and management is needed to reduce costs and address the unmet medical need for people with persistent uncontrolled asthma.
| S-EPMC5434793 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC1482362 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe widespread use of short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABA) as an as-needed treatment for asthma is well-established. However, excessive use of SABA has been linked to undesirable outcomes such as increased risk of asthma attacks, exacerbations, and even death. The availability of SABA as an over-the-counter (OTC) medication has contributed to their overuse, leading to undertreated asthma and reduced access to asthma education.ObjectiveThis systematic review aimed to summarize the prevalence, characteristic features of, and factors contributing to over-the-counter SABA purchase or overuse.MethodsThe databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, Springer Link, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and APA PsycArticles. Original research articles reporting the prevalence, characteristics features, and factors regarding over-the-counter SABA use, available as full text, published in English language between the year 2000 and April 2023 were included in this review. Commentaries, letters to editor, review articles, qualitative studies, clinical trials, and conference proceedings were excluded. Data extraction was followed by a review of the quality of studies included and data were then synthesized for meaningful findings. This systematic review had been registered in the PROSPERO with registration number CRD42023421007.ResultsA total of 18 articles were included. The prevalence range of OTC SABA users in populations were 1.4% to 39.6% and SABA over-users among OTC users were 14% to 66.4%. Factors mostly associated with this behavior were moderate-severe asthma, and less use of preventers. On top of that, not understanding the risk of SABA overuse was clear in many studies that explored this factor.ConclusionOver-the-counter purchase and overuse of SABA medication is a common problem, leading to adverse consequences such as uncontrolled asthma and increased healthcare utilization. Addressing these issues requires improved patient education about their conditions and adequate information regarding the potential long-term effects of SABA use by the healthcare providers. Management and education of asthma patients, including regular monitoring and follow-up, can help reduce overuse of SABA medication and prevent negative consequences.
| S-EPMC10561505 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study aims to investigate the prevalence of short-acting β2-agonist (SABA) overuse in asthma and the associated risk of acute exacerbation and mortality in Taiwan. We used the Taiwanese pay-for-performance asthma program database, which included patients aged between 12 and 100 years who were enrolled in the program between 2001 and 2015. Among a total of 218,039 patients, 34,641 (15.9%) patients are classified as SABA over-users. Compared with patients who did not receive inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and collected ≤2 canisters, SABA over-users had a higher risk of severe exacerbations. SABA over-users had a higher risk of all-cause mortality compared with patients who did not receive ICS and collected ≤2 canisters. The overall prevalence of SABA overuse in Taiwan is 15.9%, and this is even higher in concomitant ICS users. In addition, the overuse of SABA is associated with an increased risk of severe exacerbation and death.
| S-EPMC8058069 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs)/long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA) treatment in patients with asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap syndrome (ACOS) compared to patients with COPD alone has rarely been examined. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy for the improvement of lung function after ICS/LABA treatment in patients with ACOS compared to COPD alone patients.MethodsPatients with stable COPD were selected from the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease (KOLD) cohort. Subjects began a 3-month ICS/LABA treatment after a washout period. ACOS was defined when the patients had 1) a personal history of asthma, irrespective of age, and wheezing in the last 12 months in a self-reported survey and 2) a positive bronchodilator response.ResultsAmong 152 eligible COPD patients, 45 (29.6%) fulfilled the criteria for ACOS. After a 3-month treatment with ICS/LABA, the increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was significantly greater in ACOS patients than in those with COPD alone (240.2±33.5 vs 124.6±19.8 mL, P=0.002). This increase in FEV1 persisted even after adjustment for confounding factors (adjusted P=0.002). According to severity of baseline FEV1, the ACOS group showed a significantly greater increase in FEV1 than the COPD-alone group in patients with mild-to-moderate airflow limitation (223.2±42.9 vs 84.6±25.3 mL, P=0.005), whereas there was no statistically significant difference in patients with severe to very severe airflow limitation.ConclusionThis study provides clinical evidence that ACOS patients with mild-to-moderate airflow limitation showed a greater response in lung function after 3 months of ICS/LABA combination treatment.
| S-EPMC5108502 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The β3 -adrenergic receptor (β3 -AR) is found in several tissues such as adipose tissue and urinary bladder. It is a therapeutic target because it plays a role in thermogenesis, lipolysis, and bladder relaxation. Two β3 -AR agonists are used clinically: mirabegron 1 and vibegron 2, which are indicated for overactive bladder syndrome. However, these drugs show adverse effects, including increased blood pressure in mirabegron patients. Hence, new β3 -AR agonists are needed as starting points for drug development. Previous pharmacophore modeling studies of the β3 -AR did not involve experimental in vitro validation. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct prospective virtual screening and confirm the biological activity of virtual hits. Ligand-based pharmacophore modeling was performed since no 3D structure of human β3 -AR is yet available. A dataset consisting of β3 -AR agonists was prepared to build and validate the pharmacophore models. The best model was employed for prospective virtual screening, followed by physicochemical property filtering and a docking evaluation. To confirm the activity of the virtual hits, an in vitro assay was conducted, measuring cAMP levels at the cloned β3 -AR. Out of 35 tested compounds, 4 compounds were active in CHO-K1 cells expressing the human β3 -AR, and 8 compounds were active in CHO-K1 cells expressing the mouse β3 -AR.
| S-EPMC9400856 | biostudies-literature