Dataset Information

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and association with metabolic syndrome in a Qatari population.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

Despite long hours of sunlight in Qatar and other regions of the Middle East, vitamin D deficiency has been rising. In parallel, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome has also been increasing in Qatar. Vitamin D levels have been associated with metabolic syndrome but the data are inconsistent and no studies have addressed these inter-relationships in a Middle Eastern population where the prevalence of these conditions is high. The objective is to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association with metabolic syndrome and its components in the Qatar Biobank population.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of 1205 participants (702 women and 503 men) from the Qatar Biobank, comprising Qataris and non-Qataris between the ages of 18 and 80 years, was used to perform multivariate linear regression analyses to examine the association between metabolic syndrome and prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (defined as <20 ng ml^-1 serum vitamin D levels) adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, season of blood collection, physical activity and education. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for all analyses.

Results

Approximately 64% of participants were vitamin D deficient (<20 ng ml^-1) with more men being deficient (68.6%) than women (61.3%). Serum vitamin D was 8% lower in individuals with metabolic syndrome (RR: 0.92, 95%CI: 0.87-0.98, P-value: 0.01) compared to individuals without metabolic syndrome. Waist circumference and HDL as well as high triglyceride levels were also significantly positively associated with vitamin D deficiency. No association was found between the other components of metabolic syndrome or diabetes and the presence of vitamin D deficiency.

Conclusions

Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in this Qatari population. Presence of metabolic syndrome was associated with presence of vitamin D deficiency. Future prospective studies need to be conducted to investigate the potential for causality.

SUBMITTER: Al-Dabhani K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5436094 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Objective:Genetic studies have identified four Qatari genotypes: Q1 Arab, Bedouin; Q2 Asian/Persian; Q3 African; and a fourth admixed group not fitting into the previous 3 groups. This study was undertaken to determine if there was an increased risk of deficiency of vitamin D and its metabolites associated with differing genotypes, perhaps due to genetic differences in skin pigmentation. Methods:398 Qatari subjects (220 type 2 diabetes and 178 controls) had their genotype determined by Affymetrix 500?k SNP arrays. Total values of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2D), and 25-hydroxy-3epi-vitamin D (3epi-25(OH)D) concentrations were measured by the LC-MS/MS analysis. Results:The distribution was as follows: 164 (41.2%) genotyped Q1, 149 (37.4%) genotyped Q2, 31 (7.8%) genotyped Q3, and 54 (13.6%) genotyped "admixed." Median levels of 25(OH)D and 3epi-25(OH)D did not differ across Q1, Q2, Q3, and "admixed" genotypes, respectively. 1,25(OH)2D levels were lower (p < 0.04) between Q2 and the admixed groups, and 24,25(OH)2D levels were lower (p < 0.05) between Q1 and the admixed groups. Vitamin D metabolite levels were lower in females for 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D (p < 0.001), and 24,25(OH)2D (p < 0.006), but 3epi-25(OH)D did not differ (p < 0.26). Diabetes prevalence was not different between genotypes. Total 1,25(OH)2D (p < 0.001), total 24,25(OH)2D (p < 0.001), and total 3epi-25(OH)D (p < 0.005) were all significantly lower in diabetes patients compared to controls whilst the total 25(OH)D was higher in diabetes than controls (p < 0.001). Conclusion:Whilst 25(OH)D levels did not differ between genotype groups, 1,25(OH)2D and 24,25(OH)2D were lower in the admixed group, suggesting that there are genetic differences in vitamin D metabolism that may be of importance in a population that may allow a more targeted approach to vitamin D replacement. This may be of specific importance in vitamin D replacement strategies with the Q2 genotype requiring less, and the other genotypes requiring more to increase 1,25(OH)2D. Whilst overall the group was vitamin D deficient, total 25(OH)D was higher in diabetes, but 1,25(OH)2D, 24,25(OH)2D, and 3epi-25(OH)D were lower in diabetes that did not affect the relationship to genotype.