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Whole genome analysis of a schistosomiasis-transmitting freshwater snail.

ABSTRACT: Biomphalaria snails are instrumental in transmission of the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni. With the World Health Organization's goal to eliminate schistosomiasis as a global health problem by 2025, there is now renewed emphasis on snail control. Here, we characterize the genome of Biomphalaria glabrata, a lophotrochozoan protostome, and provide timely and important information on snail biology. We describe aspects of phero-perception, stress responses, immune function and regulation of gene expression that support the persistence of B. glabrata in the field and may define this species as a suitable snail host for S. mansoni. We identify several potential targets for developing novel control measures aimed at reducing snail-mediated transmission of schistosomiasis.

SUBMITTER: Adema CM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5440852 | biostudies-literature | 2017 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Whole genome analysis of a schistosomiasis-transmitting freshwater snail.

Adema Coen M CM Hillier LaDeana W LW Jones Catherine S CS Loker Eric S ES Knight Matty M Minx Patrick P Oliveira Guilherme G Raghavan Nithya N Shedlock Andrew A do Amaral Laurence Rodrigues LR Arican-Goktas Halime D HD Assis Juliana G JG Baba Elio Hideo EH Baron Olga L OL Bayne Christopher J CJ Bickham-Wright Utibe U Biggar Kyle K KK Blouin Michael M Bonning Bryony C BC Botka Chris C Bridger Joanna M JM Buckley Katherine M KM Buddenborg Sarah K SK Lima Caldeira Roberta R Carleton Julia J Carvalho Omar S OS Castillo Maria G MG Chalmers Iain W IW Christensens Mikkel M Clifton Sandra S Cosseau Celine C Coustau Christine C Cripps Richard M RM Cuesta-Astroz Yesid Y Cummins Scott F SF di Stephano Leon L Dinguirard Nathalie N Duval David D Emrich Scott S Feschotte Cédric C Feyereisen Rene R FitzGerald Peter P Fronick Catrina C Fulton Lucinda L Galinier Richard R Gava Sandra G SG Geusz Michael M Geyer Kathrin K KK Giraldo-Calderón Gloria I GI de Souza Gomes Matheus M Gordy Michelle A MA Gourbal Benjamin B Grunau Christoph C Hanington Patrick C PC Hoffmann Karl F KF Hughes Daniel D Humphries Judith J Jackson Daniel J DJ Jannotti-Passos Liana K LK de Jesus Jeremias Wander W Jobling Susan S Kamel Bishoy B Kapusta Aurélie A Kaur Satwant S Koene Joris M JM Kohn Andrea B AB Lawson Dan D Lawton Scott P SP Liang Di D Limpanont Yanin Y Liu Sijun S Lockyer Anne E AE Lovato TyAnna L TL Ludolf Fernanda F Magrini Vince V McManus Donald P DP Medina Monica M Misra Milind M Mitta Guillaume G Mkoji Gerald M GM Montague Michael J MJ Montelongo Cesar C Moroz Leonid L LL Munoz-Torres Monica C MC Niazi Umar U Noble Leslie R LR Oliveira Francislon S FS Pais Fabiano S FS Papenfuss Anthony T AT Peace Rob R Pena Janeth J JJ Pila Emmanuel A EA Quelais Titouan T Raney Brian J BJ Rast Jonathan P JP Rollinson David D Rosse Izinara C IC Rotgans Bronwyn B Routledge Edwin J EJ Ryan Kathryn M KM Scholte Larissa L S LLS Storey Kenneth B KB Swain Martin M Tennessen Jacob A JA Tomlinson Chad C Trujillo Damian L DL Volpi Emanuela V EV Walker Anthony J AJ Wang Tianfang T Wannaporn Ittiprasert I Warren Wesley C WC Wu Xiao-Jun XJ Yoshino Timothy P TP Yusuf Mohammed M Zhang Si-Ming SM Zhao Min M Wilson Richard K RK

Nature communications 20170516

Biomphalaria snails are instrumental in transmission of the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni. With the World Health Organization's goal to eliminate schistosomiasis as a global health problem by 2025, there is now renewed emphasis on snail control. Here, we characterize the genome of Biomphalaria glabrata, a lophotrochozoan protostome, and provide timely and important information on snail biology. We describe aspects of phero-perception, stress responses, immune function and regulation of g ...[more]

PMID: 28508897

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Project description:BackgroundThe control of schistosomiasis is particularly difficult in sub-Saharan Africa, which currently harbours 95% of this disease. The target population for preventive chemotherapy (PC) is expanded to all age group at risk of infection, thus increasing the demands of praziquantel (PZQ) tablets according to the new released guideline by World Health Organization. Due to the gap between available PZQ for PC and requirements, alternative approaches to assess endemicity of schistosomiasis in a community, are urgently needed for more quick and precise methods. We aimed to find out to which degree the infection status of snails can be used to guide chemotherapy against schistosomiasis.MethodsWe searched literature published from January 1991 to December 2022, that reported on the prevalence rates of Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium in the intermediate snails Biomphalaria spp. and Bulinus spp., respectively, and in humans. A random effect model for meta-analyses was used to calculate the pooled prevalence estimate (PPE), with heterogeneity assessed using I-squared statistic (I2), with correlation and regression analysis for the exploration of the relationship between human S. mansoni and S. haematobium infections and that in their specific intermediate hosts.ResultsForty-seven publications comprising 59 field investigations were included. The pooled PPE of schistosomiasis, schistosomiasis mansoni and schistosomiasis haematobium in humans were 27.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 24.0-31.1%], 25.6% (95% CI: 19.9-31.3%), and 28.8% (95% CI: 23.4-34.3%), respectively. The snails showed an overall infection rate of 8.6% (95% CI: 7.7-9.4%), with 12.1% (95% CI: 9.9-14.2%) in the Biomphalaria spp. snails and 6.9% (95% CI: 5.7-8.1%) in the Bulinus spp. snails. The correlation coefficient was 0.3 (95% CI: 0.01-0.5%, P < 0.05) indicating that the two variables, i.e. all intermediate host snails on the one hand and the human host on the other, were positively correlated.ConclusionsThe prevalence rate of S. mansoni and S. haematobium is still high in endemic areas. Given the significant, positive correlation between the prevalence of schistosomes in humans and the intermediate snail hosts, more attention should be paid to programme integration of snail surveillance in future.

Project description:BackgroundSchistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease endemic in 54 countries. A major Schistosoma species, Schistosoma mansoni, is sustained via a life cycle that includes both human and snail hosts. Mathematical models of S. mansoni transmission, used to elucidate the complexities of the transmission cycle and estimate the impact of intervention efforts, often focus primarily on the human host. However, S. mansoni incurs physiological costs in snails that vary with the age of the snail when first infected. Snail demography and the age of snail infection could thus affect the force of infection experienced by humans, which is frequently used to predict the impact of various control strategies.MethodsTo address how these snail host and parasite interactions influence model predictions, we developed deterministic models of schistosomiasis transmission that include varying complexity in the snail population age structure. Specifically, we examined how model outputs, such as schistosome prevalence in human and snail populations, respond to the inclusion of snail age structure.ResultsOur models suggest that snail population age structure modifies the force of infection experienced by humans and the relationship between snail infection prevalence and corresponding human infection prevalence. There are significant differences in estimated snail infection, cercarial density and mean worm burden between models without snail population dynamics and those with snail populations, and between models with a homogeneous snail population and those with age stratification. The variation between finely age-stratified snail populations and those grouped into only juvenile and adult life stages is, however, minimal.ConclusionsThese results indicate that including snails and snail age structure in a schistosomiasis transmission model alters the relationship between snail and human infection prevalence. This highlights the importance of accounting for a heterogeneous intermediate host population in models of schistosomiasis transmission where the impact of proposed control measures is being considered.

Dataset Information

Whole genome analysis of a schistosomiasis-transmitting freshwater snail.

Publications

Whole genome analysis of a schistosomiasis-transmitting freshwater snail.

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