Dataset Information

Expression of cyanobacterial FBP/SBPase in soybean prevents yield depression under future climate conditions.

ABSTRACT: Predictions suggest that current crop production needs to double by 2050 to meet global food and energy demands. Based on theory and experimental studies, overexpression of the photosynthetic enzyme sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase) is expected to enhance C3 crop photosynthesis and yields. Here we test how expression of the cyanobacterial, bifunctional fructose-1,6/sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (FBP/SBPase) affects carbon assimilation and seed yield (SY) in a major crop (soybean, Glycine max). For three growing seasons, wild-type (WT) and FBP/SBPase-expressing (FS) plants were grown in the field under ambient (400 μmol mol−1) and elevated (600 μmol mol−1) CO2 concentrations [CO2] and under ambient and elevated temperatures (+2.7 °C during daytime, +3.4 °C at night) at the SoyFACE research site. Across treatments, FS plants had significantly higher carbon assimilation (4–14%), Vc,max (5–8%), and Jmax (4–8%). Under ambient [CO2], elevated temperature led to significant reductions of SY of both genotypes by 19–31%. However, under elevated [CO2] and elevated temperature, FS plants maintained SY levels, while the WT showed significant reductions between 11% and 22% compared with plants under elevated [CO2] alone. These results show that the manipulation of the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle can mitigate the effects of future high CO2 and high temperature environments on soybean yield.

SUBMITTER: Kohler IH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5441901 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Expression of cyanobacterial FBP/SBPase in soybean prevents yield depression under future climate conditions.

Köhler Iris H IH Ruiz-Vera Ursula M UM VanLoocke Andy A Thomey Michell L ML Clemente Tom T Long Stephen P SP Ort Donald R DR Bernacchi Carl J CJ

Journal of experimental botany 20170101 3

Predictions suggest that current crop production needs to double by 2050 to meet global food and energy demands. Based on theory and experimental studies, overexpression of the photosynthetic enzyme sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase) is expected to enhance C3 crop photosynthesis and yields. Here we test how expression of the cyanobacterial, bifunctional fructose-1,6/sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (FBP/SBPase) affects carbon assimilation and seed yield (SY) in a major crop (soybean, Glyc ...[more]

PMID: 28204603

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Project description:ContextPhotosynthetic stimulations have shown promising outcomes in improving crop photosynthesis, including soybean. However, it is still unclear to what extent these changes can impact photosynthetic assimilation and yield under long-term field climate conditions.ObjectiveIn this paper, we present a systematic evaluation of the response of canopy photosynthesis and yield to two critical parameters in leaf photosynthesis: the maximum carboxylation rate of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Vcmax) and the maximum electron transport of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate regeneration rate (Jmax).MethodsUsing the field-scale crop model Soybean-BioCro and ten years of observed climate data in Urbana, Illinois, U.S., we conducted sensitivity experiments to estimate the changes in canopy photosynthesis, leaf area index, and biomass due to the changes in Vcmax and Jmax.ResultsThe results show that 1) Both the canopy photosynthetic assimilation (An) and pod biomass yields were more sensitive to the changes in Jmax, particularly at high atmospheric carbon-dioxide concentrations ([CO2]); 2) Higher [CO2] undermined the effectiveness of increasing the two parameters to improve An and yield; 3) Under the same [CO2], canopy light interception and canopy respiration were key factors that undermined improvements in An and yield; 4) A canopy with smaller leaf area index tended to have a higher yield improvement, and 5) Increases in assimilations and yields were highly dependent on growing-season climatic conditions. The solar radiation, temperature, and relative humidity were the main climate drivers that impacted the yield improvement, and they had opposite correlations with improved yield during the vegetative phase compared to the reproductive phase.ConclusionsIn a world with elevated [CO2], genetic engineering crop photosynthesis should focus more on improving Jmax. Further, long-term climate conditions and seasonal variations must be considered to determine the improvements in soybean canopy photosynthesis and yield at the field scale.ImplicationsQuantifying the effectiveness of changing Vcmax and Jmax helps understand their individual and combined contributions to potential improvements in assimilation and yield. This work provides a framework for evaluating how altering the photosynthetic rate parameters impacts soybean yield and assimilation under different seasonal climate scenarios at the field scale.

Project description:Observations and projections for mountain regions show a strong tendency towards upslope displacement of their biomes under future climate conditions. Because of their climatic and topographic heterogeneity, a more complex response is expected for biodiversity hotspots such as tropical mountain regions. This study analyzes potential changes in the distribution of biomes in the Tropical Andes and identifies target areas for conservation. Biome distribution models were developed using logistic regressions. These models were then coupled to an ensemble of 8 global climate models to project future distribution of the Andean biomes and their uncertainties. We analysed projected changes in extent and elevational range and identified regions most prone to change. Our results show a heterogeneous response to climate change. Although the wetter biomes exhibit an upslope displacement of both the upper and the lower boundaries as expected, most dry biomes tend to show downslope expansion. Despite important losses being projected for several biomes, projections suggest that between 74.8% and 83.1% of the current total Tropical Andes will remain stable, depending on the emission scenario and time horizon. Between 3.3% and 7.6% of the study area is projected to change, mostly towards an increase in vertical structure. For the remaining area (13.1%-17.4%), there is no agreement between model projections. These results challenge the common believe that climate change will lead to an upslope displacement of biome boundaries in mountain regions. Instead, our models project diverging responses, including downslope expansion and large areas projected to remain stable. Lastly, a significant part of the area expected to change is already affected by land use changes, which has important implications for management. This, and the inclusion of a comprehensive uncertainty analysis, will help to inform conservation strategies in the Tropical Andes, and to guide similar assessments for other tropical mountains.

Project description:Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase) are two essential activities in the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle that catalyze two irreversible reactions and are key for proper regulation and functioning of the cycle. These two activities are codified by a single gene in all cyanobacteria, although some cyanobacteria contain an additional gene coding for a FBPase. Mutants lacking the gene coding for SBP/FBPase protein are not able to grow photoautotrophically and require glucose to survive. As this protein presents both activities, we have tried to elucidate which of the two are required for photoautrophic growth in Synechocystis sp PCC 6803. For this, the genes coding for plant FBPase and SBPase were introduced in a SBP/FBPase mutant strain, and the strains were tested for growth in the absence of glucose. Ectopic expression of only a plant SBPase gene did not allow growth in the absence of glucose although allowed mutation of both Synechocystis' FBPase genes. When both plant FBPase and SBPase genes were expressed, photoautrophic growth of the SBP/FBPase mutants was restored. This complementation was partial as the strain only grew in low light, but growth was impaired at higher light intensities. Redox regulation of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle is essential to properly coordinate light reactions to carbon fixation in the chloroplast. Two of the best characterized proteins that are redox-regulated in the cycle are FBPase and SBPase. These two proteins are targets of the FTR-Trx redox system with Trx f being the main reductant in vivo. Introduction of the TrxF gene improves growth of the complemented strain, suggesting that the redox state of the proteins may be the cause of this phenotype. The redox state of the plant proteins was also checked in these strains, and it shows that the cyanobacterial redox system is able to reduce all of them (SBPase, FBPase, and TrxF) in a light-dependent manner. Thus, the TrxF-FBPase-SBPase plant chloroplast system is active in cyanobacteria despite that these organisms do not contain proteins related to them. Furthermore, our system opens the possibility to study specificity of the Trx system in vivo without the complication of the different isoforms present in plants.

Dataset Information

Expression of cyanobacterial FBP/SBPase in soybean prevents yield depression under future climate conditions.

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Expression of cyanobacterial FBP/SBPase in soybean prevents yield depression under future climate conditions.

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