Dataset Information

Abnormal Endogenous Repression of GA Signaling in a Seedless Table Grape Cultivar with High Berry Growth Response to GA Application.

ABSTRACT: Gibberellin (GA) application is routinely used in the table grape industry to increase berry size and cluster length. Although grapevine cultivars show a wide range of growth responsiveness to GA3 application, the reasons for these differences is unclear. To shed light on this issue, two commercial grapevine cultivars with contrasting berry response to GA were selected for comparative analysis, in which we tested if the differences in response: (1) is organ-specific or cultivar-related; (2) will be reflected in qualitative/quantitative differences in transcripts/proteins of central components of GA metabolism and signaling and levels of GA metabolites. Our results showed that in addition to the high response of its berries to GA, internodes and rachis of cv. Black finger (BF) presented a greater growth response compared to that of cv. Spring blush (SB). In agreement, the results exposed significant quantitative differences in GA signaling components in several organs of both cultivars. Exceptionally higher level of all three functional VvDELLA proteins was recorded in young BF organs, accompanied by elevated VvGID1 expression and lower VvSLY1b transcripts. Absence of seed traces, low endogenous GA quantities and lower expression of VvGA20ox4 and VvGA3ox3 were also recorded in berries of BF. Our results raise the hypothesis that, in young organs of BF, low expression of VvSLY1b may be responsible for the massive accumulation of VvDELLA proteins, which then leads to elevated VvGID1 levels. This integrated analysis suggests causal relationship between endogenous mechanisms leading to anomalous GA signaling repression in BF, manifested by high quantities of VvDELLA proteins, and greater growth response to GA application.

SUBMITTER: Acheampong AK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5442209 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Abnormal Endogenous Repression of GA Signaling in a Seedless Table Grape Cultivar with High Berry Growth Response to GA Application.

Acheampong Atiako K AK Zheng Chuanlin C Halaly Tamar T Giacomelli Lisa L Takebayashi Yumiko Y Jikumaru Yusuke Y Kamiya Yuji Y Lichter Amnon A Or Etti E

Frontiers in plant science 20170524

Gibberellin (GA) application is routinely used in the table grape industry to increase berry size and cluster length. Although grapevine cultivars show a wide range of growth responsiveness to GA<sub>3</sub> application, the reasons for these differences is unclear. To shed light on this issue, two commercial grapevine cultivars with contrasting berry response to GA were selected for comparative analysis, in which we tested if the differences in response: (1) is organ-specific or cultivar-relate ...[more]

PMID: 28596775

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Project description:BackgroundEarly ripening is an important desirable attribute for fruit crops. 'Kyoho' is a popular table grape cultivar in many Asian countries. 'Fengzao' is a bud mutant of 'Kyoho' and ripens nearly 30 days earlier than 'Kyoho'. To identify genes controlling early fruit development and ripening in 'Fengzao', RNA-Seq profiles of the two cultivars were compared at 8 different berry developmental stages in both berry peel and flesh tissues.MethodsRNA-Seq profiling of berry development between 'Kyoho' and 'Fenzhao' were obtained using the Illumina HiSeq system and analyzed using various statistical methods. Expression patterns of several selected genes were validated using qRT-PCR.ResultsAbout 447 millions of RNA-Seq sequences were generated from 40 RNA libraries covering various different berry developmental stages of 'Fengzao' and 'Kyoho'. These sequences were mapped to 23,178 and 22,982 genes in the flesh and peel tissues, respectively. While most genes in 'Fengzao' and 'Kyoho' shared similar expression patterns over different berry developmental stages, there were many genes whose expression were detected only in 'Fengzao' or 'Kyoho'. We observed 10 genes in flesh tissue and 22 genes in peel tissue were differentially expressed at FDR ≤ 0.05 when the mean expression of 'Fengzao' and 'Kyoho' were compared. The most noticeable one was VIT_214s0030g00950 (a superoxide dismutase gene). This ROS related gene showed lower expression levels in 'Fengzao' than 'Kyoho' in both peel and flesh tissues across various berry developmental stages with the only exception at véraison. VIT_200s0238g00060 (TMV resistance protein n-like) and VIT_213s0067g01100 (disease resistance protein at3g14460-like) were the two other noticeable genes which were found differentially expressed between the two cultivars in both peel and flesh tissues. GO functional category and KEGG enrichment analysis of DEGs indicated that gene activities related to stress and ROS were altered between the two cultivars in both flesh and peel tissues. Several differentially expressed genes of interest were successfully validated using qRT-PCR.ConclusionsComparative profiling analysis revealed a few dozens of genes which were differentially expressed in the developing berries of 'Kyoho' and its early ripening mutant 'Fengzao'. Further analysis of these differentially expressed genes suggested that gene activities related to ROS and pathogenesis were likely involved in contributing to the early ripening in 'Fengzao'.

Project description:Scarlet Royal, a mid-season ripening table grape, is one of the popular red grape varieties in California. However, its berries develop an undesirable astringent taste under certain conditions. Among the various factors contributing to the degradation of berry attributes, the levels and compositions of polyphenols play a fundamental role in defining berry quality and sensory characteristics. To comprehend the underlying mechanism of astringency development, Scarlet Royal berries with non-astringent attributes at the V7 vineyard were compared to astringent ones at the V9 vineyard. Biochemical analysis revealed that the divergence in berry astringency stemmed from alterations in its polyphenol composition, particularly tannins, during the late ripening stage at the V9 vineyard. Furthermore, transcriptomic profiling of berries positively associated nineteen flavonoid/proanthocyanidins (PAs) structural genes with the accumulation of PAs in V9 berries. The identification of these genes holds significance for table grape genetic improvement programs. At a practical level, the correlation between the taste panel and tannin content revealed a threshold level of tannins causing an astringent taste at approximately 400 mg/L. Additionally, berry astringency at the V9 vineyard was linked to a lower number of clusters and yield during the two study seasons, 2016 and 2017. Furthermore, petiole nutrient analysis at bloom showed differences in nutrient levels between the two vineyards, including higher levels of nitrogen and potassium in V9 vines compared to V7. It's worth noting that V9 berries at harvest displayed a lower level of total soluble solids and higher titratable acidity compared to V7 berries. In conclusion, our results indicate that the accumulation of tannins in berries during the ripening process results in a reduction in their red color intensity but significantly increases the astringency taste, thereby degrading the berry quality attributes. This study also highlights the association of high nitrogen nutrient levels and a lower crop load with berry astringency in table grapes, paving the way for further research in this area.

Dataset Information

Abnormal Endogenous Repression of GA Signaling in a Seedless Table Grape Cultivar with High Berry Growth Response to GA Application.

Publications

Abnormal Endogenous Repression of GA Signaling in a Seedless Table Grape Cultivar with High Berry Growth Response to GA Application.

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