Dataset Information

Thyroid Status and Mortality in a Prospective Hemodialysis Cohort.

ABSTRACT: Compared with the general population, hemodialysis patients have a substantially higher risk of hypothyroidism, as defined by an elevated serum thyrotropin (TSH) level, and cardiovascular mortality. Whereas an elevated TSH is associated with cardiovascular disease and death in the general population, associations among dialysis patients have been inconsistent.We examined 541 hemodialysis patients from 17 southern California dialysis centers in the prospective Hypothyroidism, Cardiovascular Health, and Survival study who underwent protocolized measurement of repeated serum TSH levels every 6 months from 2013 to 2015. Associations between TSH tertiles (<1.28, 1.28 to <2.14, and 2.14 to 86.7 mIU/L) and mortality were estimated using time-dependent Cox models with four adjustment levels. In sensitivity analyses, we excluded patients receiving thyroid hormone supplementation.Compared with the lowest TSH tertile, the highest TSH tertile was associated with a 2.2- to 2.5-fold higher mortality risk in unadjusted, case-mix, expanded case-mix+laboratory, and expanded case-mix+laboratory+medication models [hazard ratios (95% confidence interval), 2.54 (1.32 to 4.89), 2.53 (1.30 to 4.93), 2.19 (1.11 to 4.32), and 2.28 (1.45 to 3.58), respectively]. We observed a consistent trend between higher TSH tertiles and numerically higher mortality risk across all models. Similar findings were observed in analyses excluding patients receiving thyroid hormone supplementation.In time-dependent analyses, TSH levels in the high-normal to high range were independently associated with higher death risk in hemodialysis patients. Further studies are indicated to determine whether normalization of TSH levels with thyroid hormone supplementation improves survival in this population.

SUBMITTER: Rhee CM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5443328 | biostudies-literature | 2017 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Thyroid Status and Mortality in a Prospective Hemodialysis Cohort.

Rhee Connie M CM You Amy S AS Nguyen Danh V DV Brunelli Steven M SM Budoff Matthew J MJ Streja Elani E Nakata Tracy T Kovesdy Csaba P CP Brent Gregory A GA Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar K

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 20170501 5

<h4>Context and objective</h4>Compared with the general population, hemodialysis patients have a substantially higher risk of hypothyroidism, as defined by an elevated serum thyrotropin (TSH) level, and cardiovascular mortality. Whereas an elevated TSH is associated with cardiovascular disease and death in the general population, associations among dialysis patients have been inconsistent.<h4>Design, setting, participants, and main outcome</h4>We examined 541 hemodialysis patients from 17 southe ...[more]

PMID: 28324018

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Studies examining the association of dialysate potassium concentration and mortality in hemodialysis patients show conflicting findings. We hypothesized that low dialysate potassium concentrations are associated with higher mortality, particularly in patients with high pre-dialysis serum potassium concentrations. METHODS:We evaluated 624 hemodialysis patients from the prospective Malnutrition, Diet, and Racial Disparities in Kidney Disease study recruited from 16 outpatient dialysis facilities over 2011-2015 who underwent protocolized collection of dialysis treatment characteristics every 6 months. We examined the association of dialysate potassium concentration, categorized as 1, 2, and 3 mEq/L, with all-cause mortality risk in the -overall cohort, and stratified by pre-dialysis serum potassium (< 5 vs. ?5 mEq/L) using case-mix adjusted Cox models. RESULTS:In baseline analyses, dialysate potassium concentrations of 1 mEq/L were associated with higher mortality, whereas concentrations of 3 mEq/L were associated with similar mortality in the overall cohort (reference: 2 mEq/L): adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs; 95% CI) 1.70 (1.01-2.88) and 0.95 (0.64-1.39), respectively. In analyses stratified by serum potassium, baseline dialysate potassium concentrations of 1 mEq/L were associated with higher mortality in patients with serum potassium ?5 mEq/L but not in those with serum potassium < 5 mEq/L: aHRs (95% CI) 2.87 (1.51-5.46) and 0.74 (0.27-2.07), respectively (p interaction = 0.04). These findings were robust with incremental adjustment for serum potassium, potassium-binding resins, and potassium-modifying medications. CONCLUSION:Low (1 mEq/L) dialysate potassium -concentrations were associated with higher mortality, particularly in hemodialysis patients with high pre-dialysis serum potassium. Further studies are needed to identify therapeutic strategies that mitigate inter-dialytic serum potassium accumulation and subsequent high dialysate serum potassium gradients in this population.

Project description:ObjectivesAmong hemodialysis patients, clinical practice guidelines recommend dietary potassium restriction given concerns about potential hyperkalemia leading to malignant arrhythmias and mortality. However, there are sparse data informing recommendations for dietary potassium intake in this population. We thus sought to examine the relationship between dietary potassium intake and death risk in a prospective cohort of hemodialysis patients.Design and methodsAmong 415 hemodialysis patients from the prospective "Malnutrition, Diet, and Racial Disparities in Chronic Kidney Disease" cohort recruited across 16 outpatient dialysis clinics, information regarding dietary potassium intake was obtained using Food Frequency Questionnaires administered over October 2011 to March 2015. We first examined associations of baseline dietary potassium intake categorized as tertiles with mortality risk using Cox regression. We then examined clinical characteristics associated with low dietary potassium intake (defined as the lowest tertile) using logistic regression.ResultsIn expanded case-mix Cox analyses, patients whose dietary potassium intake was in the lowest tertile had higher mortality (ref: highest tertile) (adjusted hazard ratio 1.74, 95% confidence interval 1.14-2.66). These associations had even greater magnitude of risk following adjustment for laboratory and nutritional covariates (adjusted hazard ratio 2.65, 95% confidence interval 1.40-5.04). In expanded case-mix restricted cubic spline analyses, there was a monotonic increase in mortality risk with incrementally lower dietary potassium intake. In expanded case-mix logistic regression models, female sex; higher serum bicarbonate; and lower dietary energy, protein, and fiber intake were associated with low dietary potassium intake.ConclusionsIn a prospective cohort of hemodialysis patients, lower dietary potassium intake was associated with higher mortality risk. These findings suggest that excessive dietary potassium restriction may be deleterious in hemodialysis patients, and further studies are needed to determine the optimal dietary potassium intake in this population.

Project description:In the general population, there is increasing recognition of the effect of thyroid function on patient-centered outcomes, including health-related quality of life and depression. Although hypothyroidism is highly prevalent in hemodialysis patients, it is unknown whether thyroid status is a risk factor for impaired health-related quality of life or mental health in this population.We examined the association of thyroid status, defined by serum thyrotropin, with health-related quality of life and depressive symptoms over time in a prospective cohort of 450 patients on hemodialysis from 17 outpatient dialysis facilities from May of 2013 to May of 2015 who underwent protocolized thyrotropin testing, Short-Form 36 surveys, and Beck Depression Inventory-II questionnaires every 6 months. We examined the association of baseline and time-dependent thyrotropin categorized as tertiles and continuous variables with eight Short-Form 36 domains and Beck Depression Inventory-II scores using expanded case mix plus laboratory adjusted linear mixed effects models.In categorical analyses, the highest baseline thyrotropin tertile was associated with a five-point lower Short-Form 36 domain score for energy/fatigue (P=0.04); the highest time-dependent tertile was associated with a five-point lower physical function score (P=0.03; reference: lowest tertile). In continuous analyses, higher baseline serum thyrotropin levels (+?1 mIU/L) were associated with lower role limitations due to physical health (?=-1.3; P=0.04), energy/fatigue (?=-0.8; P=0.03), and pain scores (?=-1.4; P=0.002), equivalent to five-, three-, and five-point lower scores, respectively, for every 1-SD higher thyrotropin. Higher time-dependent thyrotropin levels were associated with lower role limitations due to physical health scores (?=-1.0; P=0.03), equivalent to a three-point decline for every 1-SD higher thyrotropin. Baseline and time-dependent thyrotropin were not associated with Beck Depression Inventory-II scores.In patients on hemodialysis, higher serum thyrotropin levels are associated with impaired health-related quality of life across energy/fatigue, physical function, and pain domains. Studies are needed to determine if thyroid-modulating therapy improves the health-related quality of life of hemodialysis patients with thyroid dysfunction.

Project description:ObjectiveTo identify primary factors contributing to hemodialysis-related headache (HRH) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.MethodsAdult outpatients receiving MHD were prospectively enrolled from a hemodialysis (HD) center of a tertiary hospital in China. Twelve dialysis sessions were successively monitored for each patient. HRH is defined as having at least three headache episodes that begin during HD and resolve within 72 h of HD session completion. Blood gas analysis during headache episodes and body composition analysis after dialysis were conducted. Hour-to-hour vital sign variability during dialysis was assessed using the metric of average real variability (ARV). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the factors triggering HRH.ResultsA total of 95 Chinese MHD patients were enrolled, with 92 patients (60.9% were males) included in the final analysis. The mean age of the 92 patients was 59.3 ± 17.5 years, and the median dialysis vintage was 27.1 (12-46.2) months. Among them, 12 patients (13%) complained of 42 headache attacks, and eight (8.7%) were diagnosed with HRH. For eight patients with HRH, headache occurred 100.3 ± 69.5 min after the start of dialysis, with a mean VAS score of 4.3 ± 1 points. The quality of headaches was dull (six patients), pulsating (one patient), or stabbing pain (one patient); all the headaches were bilateral, with one having concomitant vomiting. The intradialysis headache duration and the whole headache duration were 98.8 ± 68.1 and 120 (65-217.5) minutes, respectively. Younger age (OR = 0.844, 95% CI 0.719-0.991, p = 0.039), decreased blood sodium level (OR = 0.309 in the range of 133-142 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.111-0.856, p = 0.024), increased ARV of intradialysis systolic blood pressure (OR = 3.067, 95% CI 1.006-9.348, p = 0.049) and ratio of overhydration to dry weight (OR = 1.990, 95% CI 1.033-3.832, p = 0.040) were found to be independent risk factors for HRH.ConclusionsThis study suggested a significant attribution of blood sodium, hydration status and blood pressure variability to HRH.

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Dataset Information

Thyroid Status and Mortality in a Prospective Hemodialysis Cohort.

Publications

Thyroid Status and Mortality in a Prospective Hemodialysis Cohort.

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