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Paralogs and mutants show that one DMA synthase functions in iron homeostasis in rice.

ABSTRACT: Rice (Oryza sativa) secretes 2'-deoxymugineic acid (DMA) to acquire insoluble iron (Fe) from the rhizosphere. In rice, DMA is synthesized by DMA synthase 1 (OsDMAS1), a member of the aldo-keto reductase super family. We screened OsDMAS1 paralogs for DMA synthesis. None of these paralogs displayed in vitro DMA synthesis activity, suggesting that rice only harbors one functional DMAS. We further characterized OsDMAS1 mutant plants. We failed to screen homozygous knock-out plants (dmas-1), so we characterized DMAS knock-down plants (dmas-kd1 and dmas-kd2). Under Fe-deficient conditions, dmas-kd1 plants were more chlorotic compared to the wild-type (WT) plants, and the expression of OsNAS3, OsYSL2, OsIRT1, and OsIRO2 was significantly up-regulated in the dmas-kd1 mutant, indicating that metal homeostasis was significantly disturbed. The secretion of DMA in dmas-kd1 was not significantly reduced. The dmas-kd1 plants accumulated less Fe in their roots compared to WT plants when grown with 10 ?M FeSO4. The dmas-kd1 plants accumulated more Zn in their roots compared to WT plants under Fe-deficient, Fe-EDTA, and FeSO4 conditions. In both dehusked rice seeds (brown rice) and polished rice, no differences were observed for Fe, Cu, or Mn accumulation, whereas dmas-kd1 seeds significantly accumulated more Zn in brown rice. Our data suggests that rice only harbors one functional gene for DMA synthesis. In addition, the knock-down of OsDMAS1 significantly up-regulates the genes involved in Fe uptake and homeostasis.

SUBMITTER: Bashir K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5444454 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Paralogs and mutants show that one DMA synthase functions in iron homeostasis in rice.

Bashir Khurram K Nozoye Tomoko T Nagasaka Seiji S Rasheed Sultana S Miyauchi Nanako N Seki Motoaki M Nakanishi Hiromi H Nishizawa Naoko K NK

Journal of experimental botany 20170301 7

Rice (Oryza sativa) secretes 2'-deoxymugineic acid (DMA) to acquire insoluble iron (Fe) from the rhizosphere. In rice, DMA is synthesized by DMA synthase 1 (OsDMAS1), a member of the aldo-keto reductase super family. We screened OsDMAS1 paralogs for DMA synthesis. None of these paralogs displayed in vitro DMA synthesis activity, suggesting that rice only harbors one functional DMAS. We further characterized OsDMAS1 mutant plants. We failed to screen homozygous knock-out plants (dmas-1), so we ch ...[more]

PMID: 28369596

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Project description:Plant structural traits can act as barriers for herbivore attachment, feeding, and oviposition. In particular, epicuticular waxes (EWs) on the aerial surfaces of many land plants offer protection from biotic and abiotic stresses. In rice (Oryza sativa L.), mutations that reduce EWs have been previously reported. However, whether such mutations affect rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel) and fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda Smith) performance has not been investigated yet. These pests cause significant economic problems in important rice-producing areas of the United States. The aim of our study was to characterize the EWs of EW mutants and wild-type rice plants by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and compare the resistance of mutant and wild-type plants against rice water weevil and fall armyworm. We hypothesized that mutants with reduced EWs would have weaker resistance to pests than wild-type plants. Three mutant lines (6-1A, 7-17A, and 11-39A) and their wild-type parent (cv. 'Sabine') were used to test this hypothesis. Levels of EWs were significantly lower in mutant lines than in the wild-type, and qualitative differences in EW composition were also observed. Reduction in EWs significantly affected performance of insects in experiments conducted under greenhouse conditions. Experiments with rice water weevils were conducted in arenas in which females were given a choice of the mutants and the wild-type for oviposition. Number of first instars emerging from the three EW mutants (an indication of oviposition preference) was higher on the three EW mutants than on wild-type plants with normal wax levels. Similarly, in no-choice experiments using whole plants or detached leaves, weight gains of armyworms on leaves were higher on the mutant lines than on the wild-type. These results indicate that EW traits are involved in rice resistance to weevils and armyworms. Understanding the plant traits that contribute to resistance to rice pests will be helpful for the development of resistant varieties for reducing pest insect damage.

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Paralogs and mutants show that one DMA synthase functions in iron homeostasis in rice.

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Paralogs and mutants show that one DMA synthase functions in iron homeostasis in rice.

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