Changes in urine volume and serum albumin in incident hemodialysis patients.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Eriguchi R
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5445014 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Oct
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Changes in urine volume and serum albumin in incident hemodialysis patients.
Eriguchi Rieko R Obi Yoshitsugu Y Rhee Connie M CM Chou Jason A JA Tortorici Amanda R AR Mathew Anna T AT Kim Taehee T Soohoo Melissa M Streja Elani E Kovesdy Csaba P CP Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar K
Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis 20161125 4
<h4>Introduction</h4>Hypoalbuminemia is a predictor of poor outcomes in dialysis patients. Among hemodialysis patients, there has not been prior study of whether residual kidney function or decline over time impacts serum albumin levels. We hypothesized that a decline in residual kidney function is associated with an increase in serum albumin levels among incident hemodialysis patients.<h4>Methods</h4>In a large national cohort of 38,504 patients who initiated hemodialysis during 1/2007-12/2011, ...[more]
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Project description:BACKGROUND/AIMS:Anemia is common in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). A proportion of patients present with macrocytic anemia, manifested by elevated mean corpuscular volume (MCV), which has been associated with worse outcomes in CKD patients. However, it is unknown whether elevated MCV is associated with higher mortality risk in incident hemodialysis (HD) patients. METHODS:This retrospective observational cohort study examined all-cause, cardiovascular, and infectious mortality associations with both baseline and time-varying MCV in 109,501 incident HD patients using Cox proportional hazards models with 3 levels of hierarchical multivariable adjustment. Odds ratios of high versus low baseline MCV were evaluated using logistic regression. RESULTS:The mean age of patients was 65 ± 15 (standard deviation) years and the cohort was 44% female, 58% diabetic, and 31% African American. Higher MCV was associated with older age, female sex, non-Hispanic White race-ethnicity, alcohol consumption, and having a decreased albumin or protein intake. Patients with higher MCV levels (> 98 fL) had a higher all-cause, cardiovascular, and infectious mortality risk in both baseline and time varying models, and across all levels of adjustment. In the fully adjusted models, compared to a reference of MCV 92-< 94 fL, patients with a baseline MCV > 100+ fL had a 28% higher risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.28, 95% CI 1.22-1.34), 27% higher risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.18-1.36), and 18% higher risk of infectious mortality (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.02-1.38). Associations of higher MCV with these adverse outcomes persisted across all examined subgroups of clinical characteristics. CONCLUSIONS:Higher MCV was associated with higher all-cause, cardiovascular, and infectious mortality in HD patients. Further investigation is necessary to understand the underlying nature of the observed association.
| S-EPMC6465067 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Higher serum ferritin levels may be influenced by iron use and inflammation, and are associated with higher mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. We hypothesized that a major rise in serum ferritin is associated with a higher risk of mortality, irrespective of baseline serum ferritin in incident HD patients.In a cohort of 93,979 incident HD patients between 2007 and 2011, we examined the association of change in serum ferritin from the baseline patient quarter (first 91 days from dialysis start) to the subsequent quarter with mortality. Multivariable adjustments were done for case-mix and markers of the malnutrition, and inflammation complex and intravenous iron dose. Change in serum ferritin was stratified into 5 groups: <-400, -400 to <-100, -100 to <100, 100 to <400, and ?400 ng/mL/quarter.The median change in serum ferritin was 89 ng/mL/quarter (interquartile range -55 to 266 ng/mL/quarter). Compared to stable serum ferritin (-100 to <100 ng/mL/quarter), a major rise (?400 ng/mL/quarter) was associated with higher all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [95% CI] 1.07 [0.99-1.15], 1.17 [1.09-1.24], 1.26 [1.12-1.41], and 1.49 [1.27-1.76] according to baseline serum ferritin: <200, 200 to <500, 500 to <800, and ?800 ng/mL in adjusted models, respectively. The mortality risk associated with a rise in serum ferritin was robust, irrespective of intravenous iron use.During the first 6-months after HD initiation, a major rise in serum ferritin in those with a baseline ferritin ?200 ng/mL and even a slight rise in serum ferritin in those with a baseline ferritin ?800 ng/mL are associated with higher mortality.
| S-EPMC5926176 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and objectivesResidual kidney function in dialysis patients is associated with better survival, but there are no simple methods for its assessment. β-Trace protein is a novel endogenous filtration marker of kidney function that is not removed during hemodialysis and may serve as a marker for residual kidney function similar to serum creatinine in patients not on dialysis. The objective of this study was to determine the association of serum β-trace protein with mortality in incident hemodialysis patients.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsSerum β-trace protein was measured in baseline samples from 503 participants of a national prospective cohort study of incident dialysis patients with enrollment during 1995-1998 and follow-up until 2004. Outcomes were all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality analyzed using Cox regression adjusted for demographic, clinical, and treatment factors.ResultsSerum β-trace protein levels were higher in individuals with no urine output compared with individuals with urine output (9.0±3.5 versus 7.6±3.1 mg/L; P<0.001). There were 321 deaths (159 deaths from cardiovascular disease) during follow-up (median=3.3 years). Higher β-trace protein levels were associated with higher risk of mortality. The adjusted hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval for all-cause mortality per doubling of serum β-trace protein was 1.36 (1.09-1.69). The adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for all-cause mortality in the middle and highest tertiles compared with the lowest tertile were 0.95 (0.69-1.32) and 1.72 (1.25-2.37). Similar results were noted for cardiovascular disease mortality.ConclusionsThe serum level of β-trace protein is an independent predictor of death and cardiovascular disease mortality in incident hemodialysis patients.
| S-EPMC3430954 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Incident hemodialysis patients may experience rapid weight loss in the first few months of starting dialysis. However, trends in weight changes over time and their associations with survival have not yet been characterized in this population.In a large contemporary US cohort of 58 106 patients who initiated hemodialysis during 1 January 2007-31 December 2011 and survived the first year of dialysis, we observed trends in weight changes during the first year of treatment and then examined the association of post-dialysis weight changes with all-cause mortality.Patients' post-dialysis weights rapidly decreased and reached a nadir at the 5th month of dialysis with an average decline of 2% from baseline, whereas obese patients (body mass index ?30 kg/m 2 ) did not reach a nadir and lost ?3.8% of their weight by the 12th month. Compared with the reference group (-2 to 2% changes in weight), the death hazard ratios (HRs) of patients with -6 to -2% and greater than or equal to -6% weight loss during the first 5 months were 1.08 (95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.14) and 1.14 (1.07-1.22), respectively. Moreover, the death HRs with 2-6% and ?6% weight gain during the 5th to 12th months were 0.91 (0.85-0.97) and 0.92 (0.86-0.99), respectively.In patients who survive the first year of hemodialysis, a decline in post-dialysis weight is observed and reaches a nadir at the 5th month. An incrementally larger weight loss during the first 12 months is associated with higher death risk, whereas weight gain is associated with greater survival during the 5th to 12th month but not in the first 5 months of dialysis therapy.
| S-EPMC5837362 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSeveral epidemiological studies have demonstrated associations between variability in a number of biological parameters and adverse outcomes. As the variability may reflect impaired homeostatic regulation, we assessed albumin variability over time in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients.MethodsData from 1346 subjects who received chronic HD treatment from May 2001 to February 2015 were analyzed according to three phases of HD treatment: post-HD initiation, during maintenance HD treatment, and before death. The serum albumin values were grouped according to the time interval from HD initiation or death, and the yearly trends for both the albumin levels and the intra-individual albumin variability (quantified by the residual coefficient of variation: Alb-rCV) were examined. The HD initiation and death-associated changes were also analyzed using generalized additive mixed models. Furthermore, the long-term trend throughout the maintenance treatment period was evaluated separately using linear regression models.ResultsAlbumin levels and variability showed distinctive changes during each of the 3 periods. After HD initiation, albumin variability decreased and reached a nadir within a year. During the subsequent maintenance treatment period (interquartile range = 5.2-11.0 years), the log Alb-rCV showed a significant upward trend (mean slope: 0.011 ± 0.035 /year), and its overall mean was -1.49 ± 0.08 (equivalent to an Alb-rCV of 3.22%). During the 1-2 years before death, this upward trend clearly accelerated, and the mean log Alb-rCV in the last year of life was -1.36 ± 0.17. The albumin levels and variability were negatively correlated with each other and exhibited exactly opposite movements throughout the course of chronic HD treatment. Different from the albumin levels, albumin variability was not dependent on chronological age but was independently associated with an individual's aging and death process.ConclusionThe observed upward trend in albumin variability seems to be consistent with a presumed aging-related decline in homeostatic capacity.
| S-EPMC5617180 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundVitamin B12 (B12) and folate are essential vitamins that play important roles in physiological processes. In the general population, many studies have evaluated the association of these vitamins with clinical outcomes, yet this association in hemodialysis (HD) patients remains unclear.MethodsWe examined the association of serum folate and B12 with mortality in a 5-year cohort of 9517 (folate) and 12 968 (B12) HD patients using Cox models with hierarchical adjustment for sociodemographics, comorbidities, and laboratory variables associated with the malnutrition and inflammation complex syndrome. The associations of baseline B12 and folate (separately) with all-cause mortality were evaluated across five categories of B12 [<400 (reference), 400-<550, 550-<650, 650-<750 and ?750 pg/mL] and folate [<6.2, 6.2-<8.4, 8.4-<11 (reference), 11-<14.3 and ?14.3 ng/mL].ResultsThe study cohort with B12 measurements had a mean ± standard deviation age of 63 ± 15 years, among whom 43% were female, 33% were African-American, and 57% were diabetic. Higher B12 concentrations ?550 pg/mL were associated with a higher risk of mortality after adjusting for sociodemographic and laboratory variables. However, only lower serum folate concentrations <6.2 ng/mL were associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality when adjusted for sociodemographic variables [adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence-interval): 1.18 (1.03-1.35)].ConclusionsHigher B12 concentrations are associated with higher all-cause mortality in HD patients independent of sociodemographics and laboratory variables, whereas lower folate concentrations were associated with higher all-cause mortality after accounting for sociodemographic variables. Further studies are warranted to determine the optimal B12 and folate level targets in this population.
| S-EPMC5837466 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIntradialytic hypotension (IDH) occurs frequently in maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients and may be associated with higher mortality. We hypothesize that nadir intradialytic systolic blood pressure (niSBP) is inversely related to death risk while iSBP change (Δ) and IDH frequency are incrementally associated with all-cause mortality.MethodsIn a US-based cohort of 112 013 incident HD patients over a 5-year period (2007-11), using niSBP, ΔiSBP (pre-HD SBP minus niSBP) and IDH frequency (proportion of HD treatments with niSBP <90 mmHg) within the first 91 days of HD, we examined mortality-predictability at 1, 2 and 5 years using Cox models and restricted cubic splines adjusted for case-mix, comorbidities and laboratory covariates.ResultsWe observed that niSBP of <90 and ≥140 mmHg had a 5-year mortality hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval) of 1.57 (1.47-1.67) and 1.25 (1.18-1.33), respectively, compared with niSBP 110 to <120 mmHg. ΔiSBP of <15 and ≥50 compared with 21-30 mmHg had mortality HR of 1.31 (1.26-1.37) and 1.32 (1.24-1.39), respectively. Among patients with >40% IDH frequency, we observed a mortality HR of 1.49 (1.42-1.57) compared with 0% IDH frequency in fully adjusted models. These associations were robust at 1 and 2 years of follow-up.ConclusionIn conclusion, we observed a U-shaped association between niSBP and ΔiSBP and mortality and a direct linear relationship between IDH frequency and mortality. Our findings lend some prognostic insight of HD blood pressure and hemodynamics, and have the potential to guide blood pressure management strategies among the HD population.
| S-EPMC5837776 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background:The prevalence of depressive affect is not well defined in the incident hemodialysis (HD) population. We investigated the prevalence of and associated risk factors and hospitalization rates for depressive affect in incident HD patients. Methods:We performed a prospective investigation using the Patient Health Questionnaire 2 (PHQ2) depressive affect assessment. From January to July of 2013 at 108 in-center clinics randomly selected across tertiles of baseline quality measures, we contacted 577 and 543 patients by telephone for depressive affect screening. PHQ2 test scores range from 0 to 6 (scores ??3 suggest the presence of depressive affect). The prevalence of depressive affect was measured at 1-30 and 121-150 days after initiating HD; depressive affect risk factors and hospitalization rates by depressive affect status at 1-30 days after starting HD were computed. Results:Of 1120 contacted patients, 340 completed the PHQ2. In patients screened at 1-30 or 121-150 days after starting HD, depressive affect prevalence was 20.2% and 18.5%, respectively (unpaired t-test, P?=?0.7). In 35 patients screened at both time points, there were trends for lower prevalence of depressive affect at the end of incident HD, with 20.0% and 5.7% of patients positive for depressive affect at 1-30 and 121-150 days, respectively (paired t-test, P?=?0.1). Hospitalization rates were higher in patients with depressive affect during the first 30 days, exhibiting 1.5 more admissions (P?<?0.001) and 10.5 additional hospital days (P?=?0.008) per patient-year. Females were at higher risk for depressive affect at 1-30 days (P?=?0.01). Conclusions:The prevalence of depressive affect in HD patients is high throughout the incident period. Rates of hospital admissions and hospital days are increased in incident HD patients with depressive affect.
| S-EPMC5798120 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Abnormalities in mineral and bone disorder (MBD) markers are common in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, previous studies have not accounted for their changes over time, and it is unclear whether these changes are associated with survival.We examined the association of change in MBD markers (serum phosphorus (Phos), albumin-corrected calcium (Ca(Alb)), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) during the first 6 months of hemodialysis (HD) with all-cause mortality across baseline MBD strata using survival models adjusted for clinical characteristics and laboratory measurements in 102,754 incident HD patients treated in a large dialysis organization between 2007 and 2011.Across all MBD markers (Phos, Ca(Alb), iPTH and ALP), among patients whose baseline MBD levels were higher than the reference range, increase in MBD levels was associated with higher mortality (reference group: MBD level within reference range at baseline and no change at 6 months follow-up). Conversely, decrease in Phos and iPTH, among baseline Phos and iPTH levels lower than the reference range, respectively, were associated with higher mortality. An increase in ALP was associated with higher mortality across baseline strata of ALP ?80 U/l. However, patients with baseline ALP <80 U/l trended towards a lower risk of mortality irrespective of the direction of change at 6 months follow-up.There is a differential association between changes in MBD markers with mortality across varying baseline levels in HD patients. Further study is needed to determine if consideration of both baseline and longitudinal changes in the management of MBD derangements improves outcomes in this population.
| S-EPMC5056794 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Higher mean platelet volume (MPV) is an indicator of larger, reactive platelets, and has been associated with a higher risk of thrombosis and cardiovascular events in the general population. Hemodialysis patients have a higher risk for cardiovascular death and predisposition to platelet dysfunction (thrombosis and bleeding diathesis), but the relationship between MPV and mortality in this population is unknown.Among a 5-year cohort (1/2007-12/2011) of 149,118 incident hemodialysis patients from a large national dialysis organization, we examined the association between MPV and all-cause mortality. In primary analyses, we granularly analyzed MPV across five categories: 7.2-7.5, >7.5-9.5, >9.5-11.5, >11.5-13.5, and >13.5-15.0fL. In secondary analyses, we examined MPV categorized as low, normal, and high based on thresholds in the general population: 7.2-7.5, >7.5-11.5, and >11.5fL, respectively. Associations between baseline and time-dependent MPV with mortality were estimated using traditional and time-dependent Cox models in order to determine long-term and short-term exposure-mortality associations, respectively, using three adjustment levels: unadjusted, case-mix, and case-mix+laboratory models.In primary analyses, higher baseline and time-dependent MPV levels were associated with incrementally higher death risk in case-mix+laboratory analyses (reference: >9.5-11.5fL). In secondary analyses, high baseline and time-dependent MPV levels were associated with higher mortality, whereas low MPV was associated with lower death risk across all multivariable models (reference: normal MPV).Hemodialysis patients with higher MPV have heightened mortality risk. Further studies are needed to determine the pathophysiologic basis for the higher risk, and if modification of MPV ameliorates mortality in this population.
| S-EPMC5929115 | biostudies-literature