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Processes of Early Childhood Interventions to Adult Well-Being.

ABSTRACT: This article describes the contributions of cognitive-scholastic advantage, family support behavior, and school quality and support as processes through which early childhood interventions promote well-being. Evidence in support of these processes is from longitudinal cohort studies of the Child-Parent Centers and other preventive interventions beginning by age 4. Relatively large effects of participation have been documented for school readiness skills at age 5, parent involvement, K-12 achievement, remedial education, educational attainment, and crime prevention. The three processes account for up to half of the program impacts on well-being. They also help to explain the positive economic returns of many effective programs. The generalizability of these processes is supported by a sizable knowledge base, including a scale up of the Child-Parent Centers.

SUBMITTER: Reynolds AJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5453306 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Processes of Early Childhood Interventions to Adult Well-Being.

Reynolds Arthur J AJ Ou Suh-Ruu SR Mondi Christina F CF Hayakawa Momoko M

Child development 20170213 2

This article describes the contributions of cognitive-scholastic advantage, family support behavior, and school quality and support as processes through which early childhood interventions promote well-being. Evidence in support of these processes is from longitudinal cohort studies of the Child-Parent Centers and other preventive interventions beginning by age 4. Relatively large effects of participation have been documented for school readiness skills at age 5, parent involvement, K-12 achieve ...[more]

PMID: 28195326

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Project description:ObjectivesTo examine the hypothesis that adult well-being is related to childhood experiences independent of current adult sociodemographic conditions.DesignA cross-sectional, stratified, randomised sample survey using self-assessed measures of current well-being and retrospective measures of childhood experiences.SettingHouseholds in North West England (September 2012-March 2013).ParticipantsThe individual with the next birthday in randomly selected households (n=11 500; compliance 89.6% of eligible households). Analysis was limited to those aged ?18 years and answering all pertinent questions (n=11 157).OutcomesThe primary outcome was a validated multicomponent measure of mental well-being (MWB). Additional outcomes included self-assessed life satisfaction (LS), life worth and trust in others.ResultsAdult MWB, LS, life worth and trust were all significantly related to childhood violence and happiness. Relationships remained after controlling for sociodemographics. Thus, compared with those with happy, non-violent childhoods, respondents with unhappy, violent childhoods had adjusted ORs (95% CI, significance) of 3.10 (2.59 to 3.71, p<0.001) for low MWB, 3.62 (2.99 to 4.38, p<0.001) for low LS, 4.13 (3.40 to 5.01, p<0.001) for low life worth and 2.62 (2.20 to 3.11, p<0.001) for low trust. The impact of unhappy but non-violent childhoods were smaller but significant (p<0.001). The modelled impact of childhood factors predicted, for instance, that among unemployed white men aged 25-39 years from the most deprived communities, 27% of those with happy non-violent childhoods would have low MWB rising to 53% of those with unhappy violent childhoods.ConclusionsAdult well-being is strongly linked to childhood experiences. The addition of well-being measures to outcomes already associated with adverse childhoods (eg, adolescent antisocial behaviour and risks of adult disease) strengthens the case for investment in interventions to improve childhood experiences. Public health systems are well placed to ensure that policy to improve adult well-being exploits the potential for this to be realised through appropriate interventions.

Project description:IntroductionHealth behaviours such as exercise and diet strongly influence well-being and disease risk, providing the opportunity for interventions tailored to diverse individual contexts. Precise behaviour interventions are critical during adolescence and young adulthood (ages 10-25), a formative period shaping lifelong well-being. We will conduct a systematic review of just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) for health behaviour and well-being in adolescents and young adults (AYAs). A JITAI is an emerging digital health design that provides precise health support by monitoring and adjusting to individual, specific and evolving contexts in real time. Despite demonstrated potential, no published reviews have explored how JITAIs can dynamically adapt to intersectional health factors of diverse AYAs. We will identify the JITAIs' distal and proximal outcomes and their tailoring mechanisms, and report their effectiveness. We will also explore studies' considerations of health equity. This will form a comprehensive assessment of JITAIs and their role in promoting health behaviours of AYAs. We will integrate evidence to guide the development and implementation of precise, effective and equitable digital health interventions for AYAs.Methods and analysisIn adherence to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines, we will conduct a systematic search across multiple databases, including CENTRAL, MEDLINE and WHO Global Index Medicus. We will include peer-reviewed studies on JITAIs targeting health of AYAs in multiple languages. Two independent reviewers will conduct screening and data extraction of study and participant characteristics, JITAI designs, health outcome measures and equity considerations. We will provide a narrative synthesis of findings and, if data allows, conduct a meta-analysis.Ethics and disseminationAs we will not collect primary data, we do not require ethical approval. We will disseminate the review findings through peer-reviewed journal publication, conferences and stakeholder meetings to inform participatory research.Prospero registration numberCRD42023473117.

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Processes of Early Childhood Interventions to Adult Well-Being.

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Processes of Early Childhood Interventions to Adult Well-Being.

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