Dataset Information

Spatial patterns of Anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) eggs and larvae in relation to pCO2 in the Peruvian upwelling system.

ABSTRACT: Large and productive fisheries occur in regions experiencing or projected to experience ocean acidification. Anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) constitute the world's largest single-species fishery and live in one of the ocean's highest pCO2 regions. We investigated the relationship of the distribution and abundance of Anchoveta eggs and larvae to natural gradients in pCO2 in the Peruvian upwelling system. Eggs and larvae, zooplankton, and data on temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a and pCO2 were collected during a cruise off Peru in 2013. pCO2 ranged from 167-1392 µatm and explained variability in egg presence, an index of spawning habitat. Zooplankton abundance explained variability in the abundance of small larvae. Within the main spawning and larva habitats (6-10°S), eggs were found in cool, low-salinity, and both extremely low (less than 200 µatm) and high (more than 900 µatm) pCO2 waters, and larvae were collected in warmer, higher salinity, and moderate (400-600 µatm) pCO2 waters. Our data support the hypothesis that Anchoveta preferentially spawned at high pCO2 and these eggs had lower survival. Enhanced understanding of the influence of pCO2 on Anchoveta spawning and larva mortality, together with pCO2 measurements, may enable predictions of ocean acidification effects on Anchoveta and inform adaptive fisheries management.

SUBMITTER: Shen SG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5454269 | biostudies-literature | 2017 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Spatial patterns of Anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) eggs and larvae in relation to pCO2 in the Peruvian upwelling system.

Shen Sara G SG Thompson Andrew R AR Correa Jonathan J Fietzek Peer P Ayón Patricia P Checkley David M DM

Proceedings. Biological sciences 20170501 1855

Large and productive fisheries occur in regions experiencing or projected to experience ocean acidification. Anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) constitute the world's largest single-species fishery and live in one of the ocean's highest pCO2 regions. We investigated the relationship of the distribution and abundance of Anchoveta eggs and larvae to natural gradients in pCO2 in the Peruvian upwelling system. Eggs and larvae, zooplankton, and data on temperatur ...[more]

PMID: 28539518

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Project description:BackgroundSmall fishes play fundamental roles in pelagic ecosystems, channelling energy and nutrients from primary producers to higher trophic levels. They support globally important fisheries in eastern boundary current ecosystems like the Humboldt Current System (HCS) of the SE Pacific (Chile and Peru), where fish catches are the highest in the world (per unit area). This production is associated with coastal upwelling where fisheries target small pelagic fishes including the Peruvian anchovy (Engraulis ringens). The elevated biomass attained by small pelagics is thought to reflect their low trophic position in short/simple food chains. Despite their global importance, large gaps exist in our understanding of the basic ecology of these resources. For instance, there is an ongoing debate regarding the relative importance of phytoplankton versus animal prey in anchovy diet, and ecosystem models typically assign them a trophic position (TP) of ∼2, assuming they largely consume phytoplankton. Recent work based on both relative energetic content and stable isotope analysis (SIA) suggests that this value is too low, with δ 15N values indicating that anchovy TP is ca. 3.5 in the Peruvian HCS.MethodsWe characterised the trophic ecology of adult anchovies (n = 30), their putative prey and carnivorous jack mackerel (n = 20) captured from N Chile. SIA (δ 13C and δ 15N) was used to estimate the relative contribution of different putative prey resources. δ 15N was used to estimate population level trophic position.ResultsAnchovies showed little variability in δ 13C (-18.7 to -16.1‰) but varied greatly in δ 15N (13.8 to 22.8‰)-individuals formed two groups with low or high δ 15N values. When considered as a single group, mixing models indicated that anchovy diet was largely composed of zooplankton (median contribution: 95% credibility limits), with major contributions of crustacean larvae (0.61: 0.37-0.77) and anchovy (preflexion) larvae (0.15: 0.02-0.34), and the assimilation of phytoplankton was negligible (0.05: 0-0.22). The modal (95% credibility limits) estimate of TP for the pooled anchovy sample was 3.23 (2.93-3.58), overlapping with recent SIA-based estimates from Peru. When the two δ 15N groups were analysed separately, our results indicate that the lower δ 15N group largely assimilated materials from crustacean larvae (0.73: 0.42-0.88), with a TP of 2.91 (2.62-3.23). Mixing models suggested high δ 15N anchovies were cannibalistic, consuming anchovy preflexion larvae (0.55: 0.11-0.74). A carnivorous trophic niche was supported by high TP (3.79: 3.48-4.16), mirroring that of carnivorous juvenile jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi; 3.80: 3.51-4.14). Our results support recent conclusions regarding high TP values of anchovy from Peru and reveal new insights into their trophic behaviour. These results also highlight the existence of cryptic trophic complexity and ecosystem function in pelagic food webs, classically considered as simple.

Project description:Protein variation in blood-dwelling schistosome worms generated by differential splicing of micro-exon gene transcripts. The infective schistosome cercaria develops from an undifferentiated germ ball within the daughter sporocyst in the molluscan host, during which considerable morphological development and synthesis of proteins essential for infection occurs. The free-living, non-feeding cercaria is notable for its swimming and host location behaviour. On contact with host skin it rapidly penetrates, replaces its tegument surface membranes, and begins body remodelling, before crossing the dermis to exit the skin via a blood vessel. Such a ‘violent’ transition from snail to fresh water to mammalian host should be accompanied by remarkable changes in the patterns of gene expression. All gene models from version E of the S. mansoni genome (www.GeneDB.org) were incorporated into a 350K feature Roche-NimbleGen, high-density oligonucleotide array. From a map-ordered list, every 13th 50mer was chosen as a probe. Double-stranded cDNA from three biological replicates each of germ balls, cercariae, and day 3 schistosomula was hybridised to the array without amplification. Statistical analysis was carried out using programmes from the Bioconductor suite (Gentleman et al. 2004 Genome Biol 5(10):R80). More than 1000 loci were shown to be differentially expressed in each of the comparisons between the three life cycle stages. Gene ontology (GO) analysis was then carried out to discover the categories enriched in each stage. In addition custom categories based on biological function (e.g. stress response) or parasite tissue (e.g. tegument) were analysed. Three biological replicates each of germ balls, cercariae, day 3 in vitro cultured schistosomula, and eggs were used. No technical replicates were included. This is the first genome-wide microarray platform for S. mansoni. It was used to investigate the gene expression patterns of the above lifecycle stages. The first three are the stages before, during and after penetration of mammalian host skin.

Dataset Information

Spatial patterns of Anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) eggs and larvae in relation to pCO2 in the Peruvian upwelling system.

Publications

Spatial patterns of Anchoveta (<i>Engraulis ringens</i>) eggs and larvae in relation to <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> in the Peruvian upwelling system.

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