Genome-wide mutagenesis of Zea mays L. using RescueMu transposons.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Fernandes J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC545602 | biostudies-literature | 2004
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Genome-wide mutagenesis of Zea mays L. using RescueMu transposons.
Fernandes John J Dong Qunfeng Q Schneider Bret B Morrow Darren J DJ Nan Guo-Ling GL Brendel Volker V Walbot Virginia V
Genome biology 20040923 10
Derived from the maize Mu1 transposon, RescueMu provides strategies for maize gene discovery and mutant phenotypic analysis. 9.92 Mb of gene-enriched sequences next to RescueMu insertion sites were co-assembled with expressed sequence tags and analyzed. Multiple plasmid recoveries identified probable germinal insertions and screening of RescueMu plasmid libraries identified plants containing probable germinal insertions. Although frequently recovered parental insertions and insertion hotspots re ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:BACKGROUND: Earlier studies were focused on the genetics of temperate and tropical maize under drought. We identified genetic loci and their association with functional mechanisms in 240 accessions of subtropical maize using a high-density marker set under water stress. RESULTS: Out of 61 significant SNPs (11 were false-discovery-rate-corrected associations), identified across agronomic traits, models, and locations by subjecting the accessions to water stress at flowering stage, 48% were associated with drought-tolerant genes. Maize gene models revealed that SNPs mapped for agronomic traits were in fact associated with number of functional traits as follows: stomatal closure, 28; flowering, 15; root development, 5; detoxification, 4; and reduced water potential, 2. Interactions of these SNPS through the functional traits could lead to drought tolerance. The SNPs associated with ABA-dependent signalling pathways played a major role in the plant's response to stress by regulating a series of functions including flowering, root development, auxin metabolism, guard cell functions, and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). ABA signalling genes regulate flowering through epigenetic changes in stress-responsive genes. ROS generated by ABA signalling are reduced by the interplay between ethylene, ABA, and detoxification signalling transductions. Integration of ABA-signalling genes with auxin-inducible genes regulates root development which in turn, maintains the water balance by regulating electrochemical gradient in plant. CONCLUSIONS: Several genes are directly or indirectly involved in the functioning of agronomic traits related to water stress. Genes involved in these crucial biological functions interacted significantly in order to maintain the primary as well as exclusive functions related to coping with water stress. SNPs associated with drought-tolerant genes involved in strategic biological functions will be useful to understand the mechanisms of drought tolerance in subtropical maize.
| S-EPMC4367829 | biostudies-other
Project description:Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of endogenous noncoding RNAs, which increasingly drawn researchers' attention in recent years as their importance in regulating gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. With the development of high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics, circRNAs have been widely analysed in animals, but the understanding of characteristics and function of circRNAs is limited in plants, especially in maize. Here, 3715 unique circRNAs were predicted in Zea mays systematically, and 8 of 12 circRNAs were validated by experiments. By analysing circRNA sequence, the events of alternative circularization phenomenon were found prevailed in maize. By comparing circRNAs in different species, it showed that part circRNAs are conserved across species, for example, there are 273 circRNAs conserved between maize and rice. Although most of the circRNAs have low expression levels, we found 149 differential expressed circRNAs responding to heat, cold, or drought, and 1782 tissue-specific expressed circRNAs. The results showed that those circRNAs may have potential biological functions in specific situations. Finally, two different methods were used to search circRNA functions, which were based on circRNAs originated from protein-coding genes and circRNAs as miRNA decoys. 346 circRNAs could act as miRNA decoys, which might modulate the effects of multiple molecular functions, including binding, catalytic activity, oxidoreductase activity, and transmembrane transporter activity. In summary, maize circRNAs were identified, classified and characterized systematically. We also explored circRNA functions, suggesting that circRNAs are involved in multiple molecular processes and play important roles in regulating of gene expression. Our results provide a rich resource for further study of maize circRNAs.
| S-EPMC6289457 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Large-scale application of the doubled haploid (DH) technology by in vivo haploid induction has greatly improved the efficiency of maize breeding. While the haploid induction rate and the efficiency of identifying haploid plants have greatly improved in recent years, the low efficiency of doubling of haploid plants has remained and currently presents the main limitation to maize DH line production. In this study, we aimed to assess the available genetic variation for haploid male fertility (HMF), i.e., the production of fertile pollen on haploid plants, and to investigate the underlying genetic architecture. To this end, a diversity panel of 481 maize inbred lines was crossed with "Mo17" and "Zheng58," the F1 hybrids subjected to haploid induction, and resulting haploid plants assessed for male fertility in two environments. Across both genetic backgrounds, we observed a large variation of HMF ranging from zero to ~60%, with a mean of 18%, and a heritability of 0.65. HMF was higher in the "Mo17" than in the "Zheng58" background and the correlation between both genetic backgrounds was 0.68. Genome-wide association mapping identified only few putative QTL that jointly explained 22.5% of the phenotypic variance. With the exception of one association explaining 11.77% of the phenotypic variance, all other putative QTL were of minor importance. A genome-wide prediction approach further corroborated the quantitative nature of HMF in maize. Analysis of the 14 significantly associated SNPs revealed several candidate genes. Collectively, our results illustrate the large variation of HMF that can be exploited for maize DH breeding. Owing to the apparent genetic complexity of this trait, this might best be achieved by rapid recurrent phenotypic selection coupled with marker-assisted selection for individual QTL.
| S-EPMC6057118 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The development and maturation of maize kernel involves meticulous and fine gene regulation at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, and miRNAs play important roles during this process. Although a number of miRNAs have been identified in maize seed, the ones involved in the early development of grains and in different lines of maize have not been well studied. Here, we profiled four small RNA libraries, each constructed from groups of immature grains of Zea mays inbred line Chang 7-2 collected 4-6, 7-9, 12-14, and 18-23 days after pollination (DAP). A total of 40 known (containing 111 unique miRNAs) and 162 novel (containing 196 unique miRNA candidates) miRNA families were identified. For conserved and novel miRNAs with over 100 total reads, 44% had higher accumulation before the 9th DAP, especially miR166 family members. 42% of miRNAs had highest accumulation during 12-14 DAP (which is the transition stage from embryogenesis to nutrient storage). Only 14% of miRNAs had higher expression 18-23 DAP. Prediction of potential targets of all miRNAs showed that 165 miRNA families had 377 target genes. For miR164 and miR166, we showed that the transcriptional levels of their target genes were significantly decreased when co-expressed with their cognate miRNA precursors in vivo. Further analysis shows miR159, miR164, miR166, miR171, miR390, miR399, and miR529 families have putative roles in the embryogenesis of maize grain development by participating in transcriptional regulation and morphogenesis, while miR167 and miR528 families participate in metabolism process and stress response during nutrient storage. Our study is the first to present an integrated dynamic expression pattern of miRNAs during maize kernel formation and maturation.
| S-EPMC4833412 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Polygalacturonase (PG, EC 3.2.1.15) is a crucial enzyme for pectin degradation and is involved in various developmental processes such as fruit ripening, pollen development, cell expansion, and organ abscission. However, information on the PG gene family in the maize (Zea mays L.) genome and the specific members involved in maize anther development are still lacking. In this study, we identified 55 PG family genes from the maize genome and further characterized their evolutionary relationship and expression patterns. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ZmPGs are grouped into six Clades, and gene structures of the same Clade are highly conserved, suggesting their functional conservation. The ZmPGs are randomly distributed across maize chromosomes, and collinearity analysis showed that many ZmPGs might be derived from tandem duplications and segmental duplications, and these genes are under purifying selection. Furthermore, gene expression analysis provided insights into possible functional divergence among ZmPGs. Based on the RNA-seq data analysis, we found that many ZmPGs are expressed in various tissues while 18 ZmPGs are highly expressed in maize anther, and their detailed expression profiles in different anther developmental stages were further investigated by using RT-qPCR analysis. These results provide valuable information for further functional characterization and application of the ZmPGs in maize.
| S-EPMC8509529 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Phospholipase C (PLC) is one of the main hydrolytic enzymes in the metabolism of phosphoinositide and plays an important role in a variety of signal transduction processes responding to plant growth, development, and stress. Although the characteristics of many plant PLCs have been studied, PLC genes of maize have not been comprehensively identified. According to the study, five phosphatidylinositol-specific PLC (PI-PLC) and six non-specific PLC (NPC) genes were identified in maize. The PI-PLC and NPC genes of maize are conserved compared with homologous genes in other plants, especially in evolutionary relationship, protein sequences, conserved motifs, and gene structures. Transient expression of ZmPLC-GFP fusion protein in Arabidopsis protoplast cells showed that ZmPLCs are multi-localization. Analyses of transcription levels showed that ZmPLCs were significantly different under various different tissues and abiotic stresses. Association analysis shown that some ZmPLCs significantly associated with agronomic traits in 508 maize inbred lines. These results contribute to study the function of ZmPLCs and to provide good candidate targets for the yield and quality of superior maize cultivars.
| S-EPMC7835795 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for all plants, but also one of the least mobile, and consequently least available, in the soil. Plants have evolved a series of molecular, metabolic and developmental adaptations to increase the acquisition of phosphorus and to maximize the efficiency of use within the plant. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the AtPHO1 protein regulates and facilitates the distribution of phosphorus. To investigate the role of PHO1 proteins in maize (Zea mays), the B73 reference genome was searched for homologous sequences, and four genes identified that were designated ZmPho1;1, ZmPho1;2a, ZmPho1;2b and ZmPho1;3. ZmPho1;2a and ZmPho1;2b are the most similar to AtPHO1, and represent candidate co-orthologs that we hypothesize to have been retained following whole genome duplication. Evidence was obtained for the production of natural anti-sense transcripts associated with both ZmPho1;2a and ZmPho1;2b, suggesting the possibility of regulatory crosstalk between paralogs. To characterize functional divergence between ZmPho1;2a and ZmPho1;2b, a program of transposon mutagenesis was initiated using the Ac/Ds system, and, here, we report the generation of novel alleles of ZmPho1;2a and ZmPho1;2b.
| S-EPMC5029887 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The Ethylene-Response Factor (ERF) subfamily transcription factors (TFs) belong to the APETALA2/Ethylene-Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) superfamily and play a vital role in plant growth and development. However, identification and analysis of the ERF subfamily genes in maize have not yet been performed at genome-wide level. In this study, a total of 76 ERF subfamily TFs were identified and were found to be unevenly distributed on the maize chromosomes. These maize ERF (ZmERF) TFs were classified into six groups, namely groups B1 to B6, based on phylogenetic analysis. Synteny analysis showed that 50, 54, and 58 of the ZmERF genes were orthologous to those in rice, Brachypodium, and Sorghum, respectively. Cis-element analysis showed that elements related to plant growth and development, hormones, and abiotic stress were identified in the promoter region of ZmERF genes. Expression profiles suggested that ZmERF genes might participate in plant development and in response to salinity and drought stresses. Our findings lay a foundation and provide clues for understanding the biological functions of ERF TFs in maize.
| S-EPMC7370932 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The actin-based myosin system is essential for the organization and dynamics of the endomembrane system and transport network in plant cells. Plants harbour two unique myosin groups, class VIII and class XI, and the latter is structurally and functionally analogous to the animal and fungal class V myosin. Little is known about myosins in grass, even though grass includes several agronomically important cereal crops. Here, we identified 14 myosin genes from the genome of maize (Zea mays). The relatively larger sizes of maize myosin genes are due to their much longer introns, which are abundant in transposable elements. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that maize myosin genes could be classified into class VIII and class XI, with three and 11 members, respectively. Apart from subgroup XI-F, the remaining subgroups were duplicated at least in one analysed lineage, and the duplication events occurred more extensively in Arabidopsis than in maize. Only two pairs of maize myosins were generated from segmental duplication. Expression analysis revealed that most maize myosin genes were expressed universally, whereas a few members (XI-1, -6, and -11) showed an anther-specific pattern, and many underwent extensive alternative splicing. We also found a short transcript at the O1 locus, which conceptually encoded a headless myosin that most likely functions at the transcriptional level rather than via a dominant-negative mechanism at the translational level. Together, these data provide significant insights into the evolutionary and functional characterization of maize myosin genes that could transfer to the identification and application of homologous myosins of other grasses.
| S-EPMC3935558 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A large number of immune receptors consist of nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat (NBS-LRR) proteins and leucine rich repeat-receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLK) that play a crucial role in plant disease resistance. Although many NBS-LRR genes have been previously identified in Zea mays, there are no reports on identifying NBS-LRR genes encoded in the N-terminal Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) motif and identifying genome-wide LRR-RLK genes. In the present study, 151 NBS-LRR genes and 226 LRR-RLK genes were identified after performing bioinformatics analysis of the entire maize genome. Of these identified genes, 64 NBS-LRR genes and four TIR-NBS-LRR genes were identified for the first time. The NBS-LRR genes are unevenly distributed on each chromosome with gene clusters located at the distal end of each chromosome, while LRR-RLK genes have a random chromosomal distribution with more paired genes. Additionally, six LRR-RLK/RLPs including FLS2, PSY1R, PSKR1, BIR1, SERK3, and Cf5 were characterized in Zea mays for the first time. Their predicted amino acid sequences have similar protein structures with their respective homologues in other plants, indicating that these maize LRR-RLK/RLPs have the same functions as their homologues act as immune receptors. The identified gene sequences would assist in the study of their functions in maize.
| S-EPMC4645488 | biostudies-literature