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The variability of serological and molecular diagnosis of feline immunodeficiency virus infection.

ABSTRACT: Diagnosis of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has recently become available, but little is known about the performance of this assay. The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of PCR diagnosis of FIV infection. Replicate aliquots of blood samples from cats identified as FIV positive or negative by 2 previous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results, and from clinically healthy dogs, were submitted to different laboratories for FIV serologic diagnosis and PCR. The PCR products obtained in 1 laboratory were sequenced to determine the FIV subtype. The PCR assays correctly identified 100%, 80%, and 50% of the FIV-positive samples, and 100%, 90%, and 70% of FIV-negative samples. Each dog sample was reported as FIV PCR positive at least once, and FIV subtypes A, B, and C were identified. It was concluded that PCR tests currently available for FIV infection are unreliable, with highly variable sensitivity and specificity.

SUBMITTER: Bienzle D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC545975 | biostudies-literature | 2004 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The variability of serological and molecular diagnosis of feline immunodeficiency virus infection.

Bienzle D D Reggeti F F Wen X X Little S S Hobson J J Kruth S S

The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne 20040901 9

Diagnosis of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has recently become available, but little is known about the performance of this assay. The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of PCR diagnosis of FIV infection. Replicate aliquots of blood samples from cats identified as FIV positive or negative by 2 previous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results, and from clinically healthy dogs, were submitted to differ ...[more]

PMID: 15510684

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Project description:We have used a random hexamer phage library to delineate similarities and differences between the substrate specificities of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) proteases (PRs). Peptide sequences were identified that were specifically cleaved by each protease, as well as sequences cleaved equally well by both enzymes. Based on amino acid distinctions within the P3-P3' region of substrates that appeared to correlate with these cleavage specificities, we prepared a series of synthetic peptides within the framework of a peptide sequence cleaved with essentially the same efficiency by both HIV-1 and FIV PRs, Ac-KSGVF/VVNGLVK-NH(2) (arrow denotes cleavage site). We used the resultant peptide set to assess the influence of specific amino acid substitutions on the cleavage characteristics of the two proteases. The findings show that when Asn is substituted for Val at the P2 position, HIV-1 PR cleaves the substrate at a much greater rate than does FIV PR. Likewise, Glu or Gln substituted for Val at the P2' position also yields peptides specifically susceptible to HIV-1 PR. In contrast, when Ser is substituted for Val at P1', FIV PR cleaves the substrate at a much higher rate than does HIV-1 PR. In addition, Asn or Gln at the P1 position, in combination with an appropriate P3 amino acid, Arg, also strongly favors cleavage by FIV PR over HIV PR. Structural analysis identified several protease residues likely to dictate the observed specificity differences. Interestingly, HIV PR Asp30 (Ile-35 in FIV PR), which influences specificity at the S2 and S2' subsites, and HIV-1 PR Pro-81 and Val-82 (Ile-98 and Gln-99 in FIV PR), which influence specificity at the S1 and S1' subsites, are residues which are often involved in development of drug resistance in HIV-1 protease. The peptide substrate KSGVF/VVNGK, cleaved by both PRs, was used as a template for the design of a reduced amide inhibitor, Ac-GSGVF Psi(CH(2)NH)VVNGL-NH(2.) This compound inhibited both FIV and HIV-1 PRs with approximately equal efficiency. These findings establish a molecular basis for distinctions in substrate specificity between human and feline lentivirus PRs and offer a framework for development of efficient broad-based inhibitors.

Dataset Information

The variability of serological and molecular diagnosis of feline immunodeficiency virus infection.

Publications

The variability of serological and molecular diagnosis of feline immunodeficiency virus infection.

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