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Framing susceptibility in a risky choice game is altered by galvanic vestibular stimulation.

ABSTRACT: Recent research provides evidence that galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) has a modulating effect on somatosensory perception and spatial cognition. However, other vestibular stimulation techniques have induced changes in affective control and decision making. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of GVS on framing susceptibility in a risky-choice game. The participants were to decide between a safe and a risky option. The safe option was framed either positively or negatively. During the task, the participants were exposed to either left anodal/right cathodal GVS, right anodal/left cathodal GVS, or sham stimulation (control condition). While left anodal/right cathodal GVS activated more right-hemispheric vestibular brain areas, right anodal/left cathodal GVS resulted in more bilateral activation. We observed increased framing susceptibility during left anodal/right cathodal GVS, but no change in framing susceptibility during right anodal/left cathodal GVS. We propose that GVS results in increased reliance on the affect heuristic by means of activation of cortical and subcortical vestibular-emotional brain structures and that this effect is modulated by the lateralization of the vestibular cortex.

SUBMITTER: Preuss N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5462736 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Framing susceptibility in a risky choice game is altered by galvanic vestibular stimulation.

Preuss Nora N Kalla Roger R Müri Rene R Mast Fred W FW

Scientific reports 20170607 1

Recent research provides evidence that galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) has a modulating effect on somatosensory perception and spatial cognition. However, other vestibular stimulation techniques have induced changes in affective control and decision making. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of GVS on framing susceptibility in a risky-choice game. The participants were to decide between a safe and a risky option. The safe option was framed either positively or negatively. ...[more]

PMID: 28592853

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Project description:Objectives: To investigate the ameliorating effects of sinusoidal galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) on vestibular compensation from unilateral vestibular deafferentation (UVD) using a mouse model of unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL). Methods: Sixteen male C57BL/6 mice were allocated into two groups that comprise UL groups with GVS (GVS group, n = 9) and without GVS intervention (non-GVS group, n = 7). In the experimental groups, we assessed vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) recovery before (baseline) and at 3, 7, and 14 days after surgical unilateral labyrinthectomy. In the GVS group, stimulation was applied for 30 min daily from postoperative days (PODs) 0-4 via electrodes inserted subcutaneously next to both bony labyrinths. Results: Locomotion and VOR were significantly impaired in the non-GVS group compared to baseline. The mean VOR gain of the non-GVS group was attenuated to 0.23 at POD 3 and recovered continuously to the value of 0.54 at POD 14, but did not reach the baseline values at any frequency. GVS intervention significantly accelerated recovery of locomotion, as assessed by the amount of circling and total path length in the open field tasks compared to the non-GVS groups on PODs 3 (p < 0.001 in both amount of circling and total path length) and 7 (p < 0.01 in amount of circling and p < 0.001 in total path length, Mann-Whitney U-test). GVS also significantly improved VOR gain compared to the non-GVS groups at PODs 3 (p < 0.001), 7 (p < 0.001), and 14 (p < 0.001, independent t-tests) during sinusoidal rotations. In addition, the recovery of the phase responses and asymmetry of the VOR was significantly better in the GVS group than in the non-GVS group until 2 weeks after UVD (phase, p = 0.001; symmetry, p < 0.001 at POD 14). Conclusion: Recoveries for UVD-induced locomotion and VOR deficits were accelerated by an early intervention with GVS, which implies that GVS has the potential to improve vestibular compensation in patients with acute unilateral vestibular failure.

Project description:Noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation has been associated with numerous cognitive and behavioural effects, such as enhancement of visual memory in healthy individuals, improvement of visual deficits in stroke patients, as well as possibly improvement of motor function in Parkinson's disease; yet, the mechanism of action is unclear. Since Parkinson's and other neuropsychiatric diseases are characterized by maladaptive dynamics of brain rhythms, we investigated whether noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation was associated with measurable changes in EEG oscillatory rhythms within theta (4-7.5 Hz), low alpha (8-10 Hz), high alpha (10.5-12 Hz), beta (13-30 Hz) and gamma (31-50 Hz) bands. We recorded the EEG while simultaneously delivering noisy bilateral, bipolar stimulation at varying intensities of imperceptible currents - at 10, 26, 42, 58, 74 and 90% of sensory threshold - to ten neurologically healthy subjects. Using standard spectral analysis, we investigated the transient aftereffects of noisy stimulation on rhythms. Subsequently, using robust artifact rejection techniques and the Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator regression and cross-validation, we assessed the combinations of channels and power spectral features within each EEG frequency band that were linearly related with stimulus intensity. We show that noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation predominantly leads to a mild suppression of gamma power in lateral regions immediately after stimulation, followed by delayed increase in beta and gamma power in frontal regions approximately 20-25 s after stimulation ceased. Ongoing changes in the power of each oscillatory band throughout frontal, central/parietal, occipital and bilateral electrodes predicted the intensity of galvanic vestibular stimulation in a stimulus-dependent manner, demonstrating linear effects of stimulation on brain rhythms. We propose that modulation of neural oscillations is a potential mechanism for the previously-described cognitive and motor effects of vestibular stimulation, and noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation may provide an additional non-invasive means for neuromodulation of functional brain networks.

Project description:BackgroundNoisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) has been shown to improve motor performance in people with and without disabilities. Previous investigations on the use of nGVS to improve upper-limb motor performance have focused on unimanual fine motor movements, nevertheless, bimanual gross movements are also essential for conducting activities of daily living and can be affected as a result of cerebral dysfunction. Consequently, in this study we investigated the effects of nGVS on bimanual gross motor performance.MethodsTwelve healthy participants completed a visuomotor task in which they performed bimanual upper-limb movements using two robots. During the task, participants tracked a target that oscillated following a sinusoidal amplitude-modulated trajectory. In half of the trials, participants received subthreshold nGVS, in the other half, they received sham stimulation. Primary outcome measure: percent improvement in root mean square error (RMSE) between the target's and cursors' trajectories. Secondary outcome measures: percent improvement in lag between the cursors and target; and percent improvement in RMSE between the cursors' trajectories. A post-test questionnaire was administered to evaluate the experience of participants.ResultsTracking error was not affected by nGVS: left -2.6(5.5)%, p = 0.128; right -0.9(6.2)%, p = 0.639; nor was bimanual coordination -1.5(9.6)%, p = 0.590. When comparing if one hand was affected more than the other, we did not find a statistically significant difference (-1.7(3.3)%, p = 0.098). Similar results were found for the lag. Questionnaire results indicated that the robotic devices did not limit participants' movements, did not make participants feel unsafe, nor were they difficult to control. Furthermore, participants did not feel unsafe with the nGVS device, nor did they report any discomfort due to nGVS.ConclusionResults suggest that nGVS applied to people without disabilities do not affect bimanual gross motor performance. However, as this was the first study to investigate such effects, stimulation parameters were based on previous unimanual fine motor studies. Future studies should investigate optimal stimulation parameters for improving upper-limb gross motor performance. Overall, participants felt safe using the robotic devices and receiving the noisy electrical stimulation. As such, a similar setup could potentially be employed for subsequent studies investigating the relation between upper-limb performance and nGVS.

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Framing susceptibility in a risky choice game is altered by galvanic vestibular stimulation.

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Framing susceptibility in a risky choice game is altered by galvanic vestibular stimulation.

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