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Three-Dimensional Printed Fish Graders: A Tool to Rapidly and Reliably Size Select Zebrafish.

ABSTRACT: Research into adult zebrafish often requires fish to be of a specific size. Currently, fish must be individually measured to achieve this goal. Here, we design and utilize fish graders to quickly sort fish by width. We characterize graders individually for the length of fish they discriminate between and we also analyze graders in pairs to define the range of lengths for a retained population of fish. We note that a 1?mm increase of fish width increases fish length by 6.2-7.2?mm. We provide the schematics to print a series of eight retention widths, and note that graders of any desired retention width can easily be printed by slightly modifying our design files.

SUBMITTER: O'Reilly-Pol T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5466055 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Three-Dimensional Printed Fish Graders: A Tool to Rapidly and Reliably Size Select Zebrafish.

O'Reilly-Pol Thomas T Kniepkamp Kyle K Johnson Stephen L SL

Zebrafish 20170313 3

Research into adult zebrafish often requires fish to be of a specific size. Currently, fish must be individually measured to achieve this goal. Here, we design and utilize fish graders to quickly sort fish by width. We characterize graders individually for the length of fish they discriminate between and we also analyze graders in pairs to define the range of lengths for a retained population of fish. We note that a 1 mm increase of fish width increases fish length by 6.2-7.2 mm. We provide the ...[more]

PMID: 28287927

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Project description:This research demonstrates the use of fill density as an effective tool for controlling the drug release without changing the formulation composition. The merger of hot-melt extrusion (HME) with fused deposition modeling (FDM)-based 3-dimensional (3-D) printing processes over the last decade has directed pharmaceutical research towards the possibility of printing personalized medication. One key aspect of printing patient-specific dosage forms is controlling the release dynamics based on the patient's needs. The purpose of this research was to understand the impact of fill density and interrelate it with the release of a poorly water-soluble, weakly acidic, active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) from a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMC-AS) matrix, both mathematically and experimentally. Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of ibuprofen with three grades of AquaSolveTM HPMC-AS (HG, MG, and LG) were developed using an HME process and evaluated using solid-state characterization techniques. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), and polarized light microscopy (PLM) confirmed the amorphous state of the drug in both polymeric filaments and 3D printed tablets. The suitability of the manufactured filaments for FDM processes was investigated using texture analysis (TA) which showed robust mechanical properties of the developed filament compositions. Using FDM, tablets with different fill densities (20-80%) and identical dimensions were printed for each polymer. In vitro pH shift dissolution studies revealed that the fill density has a significant impact (F(11, 24) = 15,271.147, p < 0.0001) and a strong negative correlation (r > -0.99; p < 0.0001) with the release performance, where 20% infill demonstrated the fastest and most complete release, whereas 80% infill depicted a more controlled release. The results obtained from this research can be used to develop a robust formulation strategy to control the drug release from 3D printed dosage forms as a function of fill density.

Project description:BACKGROUND:The role of bone tissue engineering in the field of regenerative medicine has been a main research topic over the past few years. There has been much interest in the use of three-dimensional (3D) engineered scaffolds (PLA) complexed with human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) as a new therapeutic strategy to improve bone tissue regeneration. These devices can mimic a more favorable endogenous microenvironment for cells in vivo by providing 3D substrates which are able to support cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. The present study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo capability of bone defect regeneration of 3D PLA, hGMSCs, extracellular vesicles (EVs), or polyethyleneimine (PEI)-engineered EVs (PEI-EVs) in the following experimental groups: 3D-PLA, 3D-PLA?+?hGMSCs, 3D-PLA?+?EVs, 3D-PLA?+?EVs?+?hGMSCs, 3D-PLA?+?PEI-EVs, 3D-PLA?+?PEI-EVs?+?hGMSCs. METHODS:The structural parameters of the scaffold were evaluated using both scanning electron microscopy and nondestructive microcomputed tomography. Nanotopographic surface features were investigated by means of atomic force microscopy. Scaffolds showed a statistically significant mass loss along the 112-day evaluation. RESULTS:Our in vitro results revealed that both 3D-PLA?+?EVs?+?hGMSCs and 3D-PLA?+?PEI-EVs?+?hGMSCs showed no cytotoxicity. However, 3D-PLA?+?PEI-EVs?+?hGMSCs exhibited greater osteogenic inductivity as revealed by morphological evaluation and transcriptomic analysis performed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). In addition, in vivo results showed that 3D-PLA?+?PEI-EVs?+?hGMSCs and 3D-PLA?+?PEI-EVs scaffolds implanted in rats subjected to cortical calvaria bone tissue damage were able to improve bone healing by showing better osteogenic properties. These results were supported also by computed tomography evaluation that revealed the repair of bone calvaria damage. CONCLUSION:The re-establishing of the integrity of the bone lesions could be a promising strategy in the treatment of accidental or surgery trauma, especially for cranial bones.

Dataset Information

Three-Dimensional Printed Fish Graders: A Tool to Rapidly and Reliably Size Select Zebrafish.

Publications

Three-Dimensional Printed Fish Graders: A Tool to Rapidly and Reliably Size Select Zebrafish.

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