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Physical Activity and Cognition: A Mediating Role of Efficient Sleep.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:Physical activity benefits executive control, but the mechanism through which this benefit occurs is unclear. Sleep is a candidate mechanism given that it improves with exercise and has restorative effects on the prefrontal cortex. The present cross-sectional study examined the mediating role of sleep in the relationship between physical activity and executive control in young and older adults. PARTICIPANTS:Young (n = 59) and older (n = 53) community-dwelling adults ages 21-30 and 55-80. METHODS:Participants wore an accelerometer for one week to assess sleep efficiency, total sleep time, and physical activity, operationalized as metabolic equivalent of task (METs) during time spent awake. Cognition was assessed in the laboratory across multiple measures of executive control, memory recall, and processing speed. Mediation analyses tested the role of sleep efficiency in the cross-sectional relationship between METs and cognitive performance accounting for age, sex, and education. RESULTS:METs were significantly associated with performance before, but not after accounting for covariates. METs were associated with sleep efficiency but not total sleep time. Sleep efficiency, but not total sleep time, mediated the relationship between METs and working memory, switching, verbal ability and fluency, and recall. Age group did not moderate the mediating role of sleep efficiency in the relationship between METs and performance. CONCLUSION:Sleep efficiency is one pathway by which physical activity may be associated with executive control across young and older adults.

SUBMITTER: Wilckens KA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5466488 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Nov-Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Physical Activity and Cognition: A Mediating Role of Efficient Sleep.

Wilckens Kristine A KA Erickson Kirk I KI Wheeler Mark E ME

Behavioral sleep medicine 20161209 6

<h4>Objective</h4>Physical activity benefits executive control, but the mechanism through which this benefit occurs is unclear. Sleep is a candidate mechanism given that it improves with exercise and has restorative effects on the prefrontal cortex. The present cross-sectional study examined the mediating role of sleep in the relationship between physical activity and executive control in young and older adults.<h4>Participants</h4>Young (n = 59) and older (n = 53) community-dwelling adults ages ...[more]

PMID: 27935322

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Living in walkable neighborhoods may provide long-term cardio-metabolic health benefits to residents. Little empirical research has examined the behavioral mechanisms in this relationship. In this longitudinal study, we examined the potential mediating role of physical activity (baseline and 12-year change) in the relationships of neighborhood walkability with 12-year changes in cardio-metabolic risk markers. METHODS:The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle study collected data from adults, initially aged 25+ years, in 1999-2000, 2004-05, and 2011-12. We used 12-year follow-up data from 2023 participants who did not change their address during the study period. Outcomes were 12-year changes in waist circumference, weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting and 2-h postload plasma glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. A walkability index was calculated, using dwelling density, intersection density, and destination density, within 1?km street-network buffers around participants' homes. Spatial data for calculating these measures were sourced around the second follow-up period. Physical activity was assessed by self-reported time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (including walking). Multilevel models, adjusting for potential confounders, were used to examine the total and indirect relationships. The joint-significance test was used to assess mediation. RESULTS:There was evidence for relationships of higher walkability with smaller increases in weight (P?=?0.020), systolic blood pressure (P?<?0.001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P?=?0.002); and, for relationships of higher walkability with higher baseline physical activity (P?=?0.020), which, in turn, related to smaller increases in waist circumference (P?=?0.006), weight (P?=?0.020), and a greater increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P?=?0.005). There was no evidence for a relationship of a higher walkability with a change in physical activity during the study period (P?=?0.590). CONCLUSIONS:Our mediation analysis has shown that the protective effects of walkable neighborhoods against obesity risk may be in part attributable to higher baseline physical activity levels. However, there was no evidence of mediation by increases in physical activity during the study period. Further research is needed to understand other behavioral pathways between walkability and cardio-metabolic health, and to investigate any effects of changes in walkability.

Dataset Information

Physical Activity and Cognition: A Mediating Role of Efficient Sleep.

Publications

Physical Activity and Cognition: A Mediating Role of Efficient Sleep.

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