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Number prompts left-to-right spatial mapping in toddlerhood.

ABSTRACT: Toddlers performed a spatial mapping task in which they were required to learn the location of a hidden object in a vertical array and then transpose this location information 90° to a horizontal array. During the vertical training, they were given (a) no labels, (b) alphabetical labels, or (c) numerical labels for each potential spatial location. After the array was transposed to become a horizontal continuum, the children who were provided with numerical labels during training and those who heard alphabetical labels and formed a strong memory for the vertical location, selectively chose the location corresponding to a left-to-right mapping bias. Children who received no concurrent ordinal labels during training were not able to transpose the array, and did not exhibit any spatial directionality bias after transposition. These results indicate that children exhibit more flexible spatial mapping than other animals, and this mapping is modulated depending on the type of concurrent ordinal information the child receives. (PsycINFO Database Record

SUBMITTER: McCrink K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5486410 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Number prompts left-to-right spatial mapping in toddlerhood.

McCrink Koleen K Perez Jasmin J Baruch Erica E

Developmental psychology 20170504 7

Toddlers performed a spatial mapping task in which they were required to learn the location of a hidden object in a vertical array and then transpose this location information 90° to a horizontal array. During the vertical training, they were given (a) no labels, (b) alphabetical labels, or (c) numerical labels for each potential spatial location. After the array was transposed to become a horizontal continuum, the children who were provided with numerical labels during training and those who he ...[more]

PMID: 28471217

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Project description:Background:Left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) are characterized by well-known physiological differences, mainly related to their different embryological origin, hemodynamic environment, function, structure, and cellular composition. Nevertheless, scarce information is available about cellular peculiarities between left and right ventricular chambers in physiological and pathological contexts. Cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells (C-MSC) are key cells affecting many functions of the heart. Differential features that distinguish LV from RV C-MSC are still underappreciated. Aim:To analyze the physiological differential amount, function, and transcriptome of human C-MSC in LV versus (vs.) RV. Methods:Human cardiac specimens of LV and RV from healthy donors were used for tissue analysis of C-MSC number, and for C-MSC isolation. Paired LV and RV C-MSC were compared as for surface marker expression, cell proliferation/death ratio, migration, differentiation capabilities, and transcriptome profile. Results:Histological analysis showed a greater percentage of C-MSC in RV vs. LV tissue. Moreover, a higher C-MSC amount was obtained from RV than from LV after isolation procedures. LV and RV C-MSC are characterized by a similar proportion of surface markers. Functional studies revealed comparable cell growth curves in cells from both ventricles. Conversely, LV C-MSC displayed a higher apoptosis rate and RV C-MSC were characterized by a higher migration speed and collagen deposition. Consistently, transcriptome analysis showed that genes related to apoptosis regulation or extracellular matrix organization and integrins were over-expressed in LV and RV, respectively. Besides, we revealed additional pathways specifically associated with LV or RV C-MSC, including energy metabolism, inflammatory response, cardiac conduction, and pluripotency. Conclusion:Taken together, these results contribute to the functional characterization of RV and LV C-MSC in physiological conditions. This information suggests a possible differential role of the stromal compartment in chamber-specific pathologic scenarios.

Dataset Information

Number prompts left-to-right spatial mapping in toddlerhood.

Publications

Number prompts left-to-right spatial mapping in toddlerhood.

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