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Cytomegalovirus Infection in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Risk Factors for Primary Infection and Cases of Recurrent and Late Infection at a Single Center.

ABSTRACT: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a significant source of morbidity and mortality in allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). We identified a cohort of 91 pediatric SCT patients at risk (defined as either donor and/or recipient seropositivity) for CMV infection at our institution. We retrospectively categorized at-risk SCT recipients as those who (1) were at risk of CMV infection in the post-SCT period, (2) had documented CMV infection before SCT, (3) experienced recurrence of post-SCT CMV viremia, or (4) experienced late post-SCT CMV viremia; categories were not mutually exclusive. We analyzed the impact of SCT-related factors on incidence of CMV infection and outcome, and we described the outcome of each of these cohorts. In univariate analysis, recipient CMV seropositivity, use of umbilical cord blood graft, and acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) predicted post-SCT CMV viremia, and the effects of acute GVHD (odds ratio, 4.018; 95% confidence interval, 1.032 to 15.643) and CMV seropositivity (odds ratio, 16.525; 95% confidence interval, 2.041 to 133.803) were confirmed in multivariate analysis. Patients with recurrence of post-SCT CMV viremia had a 50% all-cause mortality rate, compared with 12% in all 91 patients. Patients with pre-SCT CMV infection had a high incidence of post-SCT CMV infection but could successfully undergo SCT with antiviral prophylaxis and pre-emptive CMV treatment. All patients with late CMV infection had prior GVHD. Theses findings identify risk factors for post-SCT CMV infection and provide novel descriptions of childhood SCT recipients with pre-SCT, recurrent, and late CMV infection, which may contribute to risk stratification strategies for CMV at-risk patients in pediatric allogeneic SCT.

SUBMITTER: Rowe RG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5491305 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cytomegalovirus Infection in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Risk Factors for Primary Infection and Cases of Recurrent and Late Infection at a Single Center.

Rowe R Grant RG Guo Dongjing D Lee Michelle M Margossian Steven S London Wendy B WB Lehmann Leslie L

Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation 20160508 7

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a significant source of morbidity and mortality in allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). We identified a cohort of 91 pediatric SCT patients at risk (defined as either donor and/or recipient seropositivity) for CMV infection at our institution. We retrospectively categorized at-risk SCT recipients as those who (1) were at risk of CMV infection in the post-SCT period, (2) had documented CMV infection before SCT, (3) experienced recurrence of post-SCT CMV v ...[more]

PMID: 27090959

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Project description:BackgroundOptimal prevention of late cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is poorly defined.ObjectiveTo compare valganciclovir prophylaxis with polymerase chain reaction-guided preemptive therapy.DesignRandomized, double-blind trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00016068).SettingMulticenter trial.Patients184 recipients of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) who were at high risk for late CMV disease (95 patients received valganciclovir and 89 received placebo).Intervention6 months of valganciclovir (900 mg/d) or placebo. Patients with polymerase chain reaction positivity at 1000 copies/mL or greater or a 5-fold increase over baseline were treated with ganciclovir or valganciclovir (5 mg/kg or 900 mg twice daily, respectively).MeasurementsThe composite primary end point was death, CMV disease, or other invasive infections by 270 days after HCT. Secondary end points were CMV disease, CMV DNAemia, death, other infections, resource utilization, ganciclovir resistance, quality of life, immune reconstitution, and safety.ResultsThe primary composite outcome occurred in 20% of valganciclovir recipients versus 21% of placebo-preemptive therapy recipients (treatment difference, -0.01 [95% CI, -0.13 to 0.10]; P = 0.86). There was no difference in the primary end point or its components 640 days after HCT. The incidence of a CMV DNAemia level of 1000 copies/mL or greater or a 5-fold increase over baseline was reduced in the valganciclovir group (11% vs. 36%; P < 0.001). Neutropenia was not significantly different at the absolute neutrophil count of less than 0.5 × 109 cells/L (P = 0.57); however, more patients received hematopoietic growth factors in the valganciclovir group (25.3% vs. 12.4%; P = 0.026). No significant differences were seen in other secondary outcomes.LimitationSome high-risk patients were not included.ConclusionValganciclovir prophylaxis was not superior in reducing the composite end point of CMV disease, invasive bacterial or fungal disease, or death when compared with polymerase chain reaction-guided preemptive therapy. Both strategies performed similarly with regard to most clinical outcomes.Primary funding sourceRoche Laboratories.

Dataset Information

Cytomegalovirus Infection in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Risk Factors for Primary Infection and Cases of Recurrent and Late Infection at a Single Center.

Publications

Cytomegalovirus Infection in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Risk Factors for Primary Infection and Cases of Recurrent and Late Infection at a Single Center.

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