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Potential using of infrared thermal imaging to detect volatile compounds released from decayed grapes.

ABSTRACT: Previous studies have demonstrated variations in volatile compound content during fruit spoilage. Infrared spectroscopy was proposed as an alternative method to discriminate the various states of decayed fruit through the makeup of their volatile compounds. Based on the infrared spectra of volatile compounds obtained from decayed grapes, this study simplified the extraction of their feature spectra and visualized their gas plumes by using a commercial infrared thermal camera equipped with a custom-made wavelength filter. As a function of volatilization gradients, accumulated gray value and imaging area were proposed as indicators for semi-quantitative analysis in a volatilization range similar to that of ethanol solutions ranging from 10% to 70%. Fresh, seriously decayed, and slightly or moderately decayed grapes were rapidly discriminated through their alcoholic volatiles by thermal images with correct classification ratings of 100%, 93.3%, and 90%, respectively.

SUBMITTER: Ding L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5493428 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Potential using of infrared thermal imaging to detect volatile compounds released from decayed grapes.

Ding Luyu L Dong Daming D Jiao Leizi L Zheng Wengang W

PloS one 20170630 6

Previous studies have demonstrated variations in volatile compound content during fruit spoilage. Infrared spectroscopy was proposed as an alternative method to discriminate the various states of decayed fruit through the makeup of their volatile compounds. Based on the infrared spectra of volatile compounds obtained from decayed grapes, this study simplified the extraction of their feature spectra and visualized their gas plumes by using a commercial infrared thermal camera equipped with a cust ...[more]

PMID: 28665984

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Project description:The Mediterranean region is recognized as a global biodiversity hotspot. However, over the last decades, the cessation of traditional farming in the north part of the Mediterranean basin has given way to strong afforestation leading to occurrence of abandoned agricultural lands colonized by pioneer expansionist species like Pinus halepensis. This pine species is known to synthesize a wide range of secondary metabolites, and previous studies have demonstrated strong allelopathic potentialities of its needle and root leachates. Pinus halepensis is also recognized to release significant amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOC) with potential allelopathic effects that have never been investigated. In this context, the objectives of the present study were to improve our knowledge about the VOC released from P. halepensis needles and roots, determine if these VOC affect the seed germination and root growth of two herbaceous target species (Lactuca sativa and Linum strictum), and evaluate if soil microorganisms modulate the potential allelopathic effects of these VOC. Thirty terpenes were detected from both, needle and root emissions with ?-caryophyllene as the major volatile. Numerous terpenes, such as ?-caryophyllene, ?-terpinene, or ?-pinene, showed higher headspace concentrations according to the gradient green needles < senescent needles < needle litter. Seed germination and root growth of the two target species were mainly reduced in presence of P. halepensis VOC. In strong contrast with the trend reported with needle leachates in literature, we observed an increasing inhibitory effect of P. halepensis VOC with the progress of needle physiological stages (i.e., green needle < senescent needle < needle litter). Surprisingly, several inhibitory effects observed on filter paper were also found or even amplified when natural soil was used as a substrate, highlighting that soil microorganisms do not necessarily limit the negative effects of VOC released by P. halepensis on herbaceous target species.

Project description:Previously we reported the biosynthesis of intracellular cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) at low temperatures by the Antarctic strain Pseudomonas fragi GC01. Here we studied the role of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in the biosynthesis of CdS QDs by P. fragi GC01. The biosynthesis of nanoparticles was evaluated in the presence of sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate, sulfide, cysteine and methionine as sole sulfur sources. Intracellular biosynthesis occurred with all sulfur sources tested. However, extracellular biosynthesis was observed only in cultures amended with cysteine (Cys) and methionine (Met). Extracellular nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, absorption and emission spectra, energy dispersive X-ray, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Purified QDs correspond to cubic nanocrystals of CdS with sizes between 2 and 16 nm. The analysis of VSCs revealed that P. fragi GC01 produced hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methanethiol (MeSH) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in the presence of sulfate, Met or Cys. Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) was only detected in the presence of Met. Interestingly, MeSH was the main VSC produced in this condition. In addition, MeSH was the only VSC for which the concentration decreased in the presence of cadmium (Cd) of all the sulfur sources tested, suggesting that this gas interacts with Cd to form nanoparticles. The role of MeSH and DMS on Cds QDs biosynthesis was evaluated in two mutants of the Antarctic strain Pseudomonas deceptionensis M1T: megL - (unable to produce MeSH from Met) and mddA - (unable to generate DMS from MeSH). No biosynthesis of QDs was observed in the megL - strain, confirming the importance of MeSH in QD biosynthesis. In addition, the production of QDs in the mddA - strain was not affected, indicating that DMS is not a substrate for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles. Here, we confirm a link between MeSH production and CdS QDs biosynthesis when Met is used as sole sulfur source. This work represents the first report that directly associates the production of MeSH with the bacterial synthesis of QDs, thus revealing the importance of different VSCs in the biological generation of metal sulfide nanostructures.

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Potential using of infrared thermal imaging to detect volatile compounds released from decayed grapes.

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Potential using of infrared thermal imaging to detect volatile compounds released from decayed grapes.

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