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Primary cilia on porcine testicular somatic cells and their role in hedgehog signaling and tubular morphogenesis in vitro.

ABSTRACT: The primary cilium is a microtubule-based sensory organelle found on nearly all eukaryotic cells but little is understood about its function in the testis. We investigate the role of primary cilia on testis cells in vitro by inhibiting formation of the primary cilium with Ciliobrevin D, a cell-permeable, reversible chemical inhibitor of ATPase motor cytoplasmic dynein. We analyzed cultured cells for the presence of primary cilia and their involvement in hedgehog signaling. Primary cilia were present on 89.3?±?2.3 % of untreated testicular somatic cells compared to 3.1?±?2.5 % cells with primary cilia for Ciliobrevin D-treated cells. Protein levels of Gli-2 and Smoothened were lower on Western blots after suppression of cilia with Ciliobrevin D. The inhibitor did not affect centrosome localization or cell proliferation, indicating that changes were due to ablation of the primary cilium. Testicular somatic cells have the ability to form three-dimensional tubules in vitro. In vitro-formed tubules were significantly longer and wider in the control group than in the Ciliobrevin D-treated group (9.91?±?0.35 vs. 5.540?±?1.08 mm and 339.8?±?55.78 vs. 127.2?±?11.9 ?m, respectively) indicating that primary cilia play a role in tubule formation. Our results establish that the inhibition of ATPase motor cytoplasmic dynein perturbs formation of primary cilia in testicular somatic cells, affects the hedgehog signaling pathway and impairs tubule formation in vitro. These findings provide evidence for a role of cilia in the testis in cell signaling and tubular morphogenesis in vitro.

SUBMITTER: Dores C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5495557 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Primary cilia on porcine testicular somatic cells and their role in hedgehog signaling and tubular morphogenesis in vitro.

Dores Camila C Alpaugh Whitney W Su Lin L Biernaskie Jeff J Dobrinski Ina I

Cell and tissue research 20161114 1

The primary cilium is a microtubule-based sensory organelle found on nearly all eukaryotic cells but little is understood about its function in the testis. We investigate the role of primary cilia on testis cells in vitro by inhibiting formation of the primary cilium with Ciliobrevin D, a cell-permeable, reversible chemical inhibitor of ATPase motor cytoplasmic dynein. We analyzed cultured cells for the presence of primary cilia and their involvement in hedgehog signaling. Primary cilia were pre ...[more]

PMID: 27841005

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Project description:Background:Primary cilia are small non-motile microtubule and cell membrane protrusions expressed on most vertebrate cells, including cortical and hippocampal neurons. These small organelles serve as sensory structures sampling the extracellular environment and reprogramming the transcriptional machinery in response to environmental change. Primary cilia are decorated with a variety of receptor proteins and are necessary for specific signaling cascades such as the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway. Disrupting cilia structure or function results in a spectrum of diseases collectively referred to as ciliopathies. Common to human ciliopathies is cognitive impairment, a symptom also observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). One hallmark of AD is accumulation of senile plaques composed of neurotoxic Amyloid-? (A?) peptide. The A? peptide is generated by the proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). We set out to determine if A? affects primary cilia structure and the Shh signaling cascade. Methods:We utilized in vitro cell-based assays in combination with fluorescent confocal microscopy to address our study goals. Shh signaling and cilia structure was studied using two different cell lines, mouse NIH3T3 and human HeLa cells. To investigate how A? levels affect Shh signaling and cilia structure in these cells, we utilized naturally secreted A? as well as synthetic A?. Effects on Shh signaling were assessed by luciferase activity while cilia structure was analyzed by fluorescent microscopy. Results:Here, we report that APP localizes to primary cilia and A? treatment results in distorted primary cilia structure. In addition, we demonstrate that A? treatment interrupts canonical Shh signal transduction. Conclusions:Overall, our study illustrates that A? can alter primary cilia structure suggesting that elevated A? levels, like those observed in AD patients, could have similar effects on neuronal primary cilia in the brain. Additionally, our study suggests that A? impairs the Shh signaling pathway. Together our findings shed light on two novel targets for future AD therapeutics.

Dataset Information

Primary cilia on porcine testicular somatic cells and their role in hedgehog signaling and tubular morphogenesis in vitro.

Publications

Primary cilia on porcine testicular somatic cells and their role in hedgehog signaling and tubular morphogenesis in vitro.

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