Dataset Information

A comprehensive ethnic-based analysis of alpha thalassaemia allelle frequency in northern Thailand.

ABSTRACT: Alpha (?)-thalassaemia is one of the most prevalent hereditary blood disorders, commonly affecting Southeast Asian people, with the highest incidence (30-40%) being seen in northern Thailand. However, this high incidence was estimated without consideration of the variations between ethnic populations and the geographical location of the populations. To address this issue, a total of 688 samples from 13 different northern Thai ethnic groups (30 villages) categorized into three linguistic groups were genotyped for deletional alpha-thalassaemia (-?^3.7, -?^4.2, --^SEA and --^THAI) and/or non-deletional alpha-thalassaemia (?^CS and ?^PS) via multiplex gap-PCR and dot-blot hybridization, respectively. Alpha⁺(-?^3.7, -?^4.2, ?^CS and ?^PS) and alpha°-thalassaemia (--^SEA and --^THAI) allele frequencies (with 95% Confidence Interval) were the highest in the Sino-Tibetan group [0.13 (0.08-0.18)] and the Tai-Kadai group [0.03 (0.02-0.05)], respectively. With regards to ethnicity, the varying allele frequency of ?⁺ and ?°-thalassaemia amongst a variety of ethnic groups was observed. The highest ?⁺-thalassaemia allele frequency was found in the Paluang [0.21 (0.10-0.37)] while ?°-thalassaemia allele frequency was the highest in the Yuan [0.04 (0.01-0.10)]. These detailed results of alpha thalassaemia allele frequency and genetic diversity amongst the northern Thai ethnic groups demonstrate the need for ethnicity based thalassaemia prevention programs.

SUBMITTER: Kulaphisit M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5498591 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A comprehensive ethnic-based analysis of alpha thalassaemia allelle frequency in northern Thailand.

Kulaphisit Mattapong M Kampuansai Jatupol J Leecharoenkiat Kamonlak K Wathikthinnakon Methi M Kangwanpong Daoroong D Munkongdee Thongperm T Svasti Saovaros S Fucharoen Suthat S Smith Duncan R DR Lithanatudom Pathrapol P

Scientific reports 20170705 1

Alpha (α)-thalassaemia is one of the most prevalent hereditary blood disorders, commonly affecting Southeast Asian people, with the highest incidence (30-40%) being seen in northern Thailand. However, this high incidence was estimated without consideration of the variations between ethnic populations and the geographical location of the populations. To address this issue, a total of 688 samples from 13 different northern Thai ethnic groups (30 villages) categorized into three linguistic groups w ...[more]

PMID: 28680061

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Project description:Alpha-thalassaemia is inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder characterised by a microcytic hypochromic anaemia, and a clinical phenotype varying from almost asymptomatic to a lethal haemolytic anaemia.It is probably the most common monogenic gene disorder in the world and is especially frequent in Mediterranean countries, South-East Asia, Africa, the Middle East and in the Indian subcontinent. During the last few decades the incidence of alpha thalassaemia in North-European countries and Northern America has increased because of demographic changes. Compound heterozygotes and some homozygotes have a moderate to severe form of alpha thalassaemia called HbH disease. Hb Bart's hydrops foetalis is a lethal form in which no alpha-globin is synthesized. Alpha thalassaemia most frequently results from deletion of one or both alpha genes from the chromosome and can be classified according to its genotype/phenotype correlation. The normal complement of four functional alpha-globin genes may be decreased by 1, 2, 3 or all 4 copies of the genes, explaining the clinical variation and increasing severity of the disease. All affected individuals have a variable degree of anaemia (low Hb), reduced mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH/pg), reduced mean corpuscular volume (MCV/fl) and a normal/slightly reduced level of HbA2. Molecular analysis is usually required to confirm the haematological observations (especially in silent alpha-thalassaemia and alpha-thalassaemia trait). The predominant features in HbH disease are anaemia with variable amounts of HbH (0.8-40%). The type of mutation influences the clinical severity of HbH disease. The distinguishing features of the haemoglobin Bart's hydrops foetalis syndrome are the presence of Hb Bart's and the total absence of HbF. The mode of transmission of alpha thalassaemia is autosomal recessive. Genetic counselling is offered to couples at risk for HbH disease or haemoglobin Bart's Hydrops Foetalis Syndrome. Carriers of alpha+- or alpha0-thalassaemia alleles generally do not need treatment. HbH patients may require intermittent transfusion therapy especially during intercurrent illness. Most pregnancies in which the foetus is known to have the haemoglobin Bart's hydrops foetalis syndrome are terminated due to the increased risk of both maternal and foetal morbidity.

Project description:Research has shown that asylum seekers, refugees, and internally displaced persons, including stateless persons, are at increased risk of poor mental health. Yet, only a few studies explicitly focus on stateless persons. This article examines the association between legal status and mental health among Akha, Lahu and Tai-Yai people in Northern Thailand. A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was adopted and primary data were collected in June 2020 by face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with persons who do not hold a nationality (n = 108). A distinction was made between registered (nationalityless) and unregistered (stateless) persons since only the former have a legal status in Thailand. The correlates of mental health were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Qualitative thematic analysis was employed to gain deeper insights into the relationship between legal status, ethnicity and mental health. The quantitative results weakly suggest that stateless persons are more likely to have poorer mental health than nationalityless persons, who are recognized as habitually resident in Thailand and are recorded in the country's civil registry. The qualitative results, however, show that the legal status afforded to nationalityless persons is considered important as it gives rise to hope and increases livelihood opportunities. Yet, respondents also pointed out that it is not comparable to citizenship. The odds of having poorer mental health are significantly higher for Lahu and Tai-Yai respondents. The importance of ethnicity is confirmed by the qualitative results. These further indicate that citizenship problems and ethnicity are deeply interrelated. Stigma, discrimination, and lack of social support are key risk factors identified by respondents. Disaggregating data to better understand the heterogeneity of persons without nationality could play a key role in accelerating efforts to resolve protracted citizenship problems and close ethnic gaps.

Project description:Dairy farming in northern Thailand is expanding, with dairy cattle populations increasing up to 8% per year. In addition, disease outbreaks frequently occur in this region, especially foot-and-mouth disease and bovine tuberculosis. Our goal was to quantify the underlying pattern of dairy cattle movements in the context of infectious disease surveillance and control as movements have been identified as risk factors for several infectious diseases. Movements at district levels within the northern region and between the northern and other regions from 2010 to 2017 were recorded by the Department of Livestock Development. Analyzed data included origin, destination, date and purpose of the movement, type of premise of origin and destination, and type and number of moved cattle. Social network analysis was performed to demonstrate patterns of dairy cattle movement within and between regions. The total numbers of movements and moved animals were 3,906 and 180,305, respectively. Decreasing trends in both the number of cattle moved and the number of movements were observed from 2010 to 2016, with increases in 2017. The majority (98%) of the animals moved were male dairy calves, followed by dairy cows (1.7%). The main purpose of the movements was for slaughter (96.3%). Most movements (67.4%) were shipments from central to northern regions, involving 87.1% of cattle moved. By contrast, 56% of the movements for growing and selling purposes occurred within the northern region, commonly involving dairy cows. Constructed movement networks showed heterogeneity of connections among districts. Of 110 districts, 28 were found to be influential to the movement networks, among which 11 districts showed high centrality measures in multiple networks stratified for movement purposes and regions, including eight districts in the northern and one district in each of the central, eastern, and lower northeastern regions of Thailand. These districts were more highly connected than others in the movement network, which may be important for disease transmission, surveillance, and control.

Dataset Information

A comprehensive ethnic-based analysis of alpha thalassaemia allelle frequency in northern Thailand.

Publications

A comprehensive ethnic-based analysis of alpha thalassaemia allelle frequency in northern Thailand.

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