Dataset Information

Distribution, quantification and toxicity of cinnamaldehyde in electronic cigarette refill fluids and aerosols.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution, concentration and toxicity of cinnamaldehyde in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) refill fluids and aerosols.The distribution and concentration of cinnamaldehyde were determined in 39 e-cigarette refill fluids plus 6 duplicates using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A cinnamaldehyde toxicity profile was established for embryonic and adult cells using a live cell imaging assay, immunocytochemistry, the comet assay and a recovery assay.Twenty of the 39 refill fluids contained cinnamaldehyde at concentrations that are cytotoxic to human embryonic and lung cells in the MTT assay. Cinnamon Ceylon aerosol produced in a cartomizer-style e-cigarette was cytotoxic. Cinnamon Ceylon aerosols and refill fluid aerosols (80% propylene glycol or cinnamaldehyde/propylene glycol) made using a tank/boxmod e-cigarette were more cytotoxic at 5?V than 3?V. Using GC/MS, aerosols produced at 5?V contained 10 additional peaks not present in aerosol generated at 3?V. One of these, 2,3-butandione (diacetyl), was confirmed with an authentic standard. Cinnamaldehyde depolymerised microtubules in human pulmonary fibroblasts. At concentrations that produced no effect in the MTT assay, cinnamaldehyde decreased growth, attachment and spreading; altered cell morphology and motility; increased DNA strand breaks; and increased cell death. At the MTT IC50 concentration, lung cells were unable to recover from cinnamaldehyde after 2?hours of treatment, whereas embryonic cells recovered after 8?hours.Cinnamaldehyde-containing refill fluids and aerosols are cytotoxic, genotoxic and low concentrations adversely affect cell processes and survival. These data indicate that cinnamaldehyde in e-cigarette refill fluids/aerosols may impair homeostasis in the respiratory system.

SUBMITTER: Behar RZ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5503843 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Distribution, quantification and toxicity of cinnamaldehyde in electronic cigarette refill fluids and aerosols.

Behar Rachel Z RZ Luo Wentai W Lin Sabrina C SC Wang Yuhuan Y Valle Jackelyn J Pankow James F JF Talbot Prue P

Tobacco control 20160915 Suppl 2

<h4>Objective</h4>The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution, concentration and toxicity of cinnamaldehyde in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) refill fluids and aerosols.<h4>Methods</h4>The distribution and concentration of cinnamaldehyde were determined in 39 e-cigarette refill fluids plus 6 duplicates using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A cinnamaldehyde toxicity profile was established for embryonic and adult cells using a live cell imaging assay, immunocytoch ...[more]

PMID: 27633763

Similar Datasets

Project description:Flavor chemicals in electronic cigarette (EC) fluids, which may negatively impact human health, have been studied in a limited number of countries/locations. To gain an understanding of how the composition and concentrations of flavor chemicals in ECs are influenced by product sale location, we evaluated refill fluids manufactured by one company (Ritchy LTD) and purchased worldwide. Flavor chemicals were identified and quantified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). We then screened the fluids for their effects on cytotoxicity (MTT assay) and proliferation (live-cell imaging) and tested authentic standards of specific flavor chemicals to identify those that were cytotoxic at concentrations found in refill fluids. A total of 126 flavor chemicals were detected in 103 bottles of refill fluid, and their number per/bottle ranged from 1-50 based on our target list. Two products had none of the flavor chemicals on our target list, nor did they have any nontargeted flavor chemicals. A total of 28 flavor chemicals were present at concentrations ≥1 mg/mL in at least one product, and 6 of these were present at concentrations ≥10 mg/mL. The total flavor chemical concentration was ≥1 mg/mL in 70% of the refill fluids and ≥10 mg/mL in 26%. For sub-brand duplicate bottles purchased in different countries, flavor chemical concentrations were similar and induced similar responses in the in vitro assays (cytotoxicity and cell growth inhibition). The levels of furaneol, benzyl alcohol, ethyl maltol, ethyl vanillin, corylone, and vanillin were significantly correlated with cytotoxicity. The margin of exposure calculations showed that pulegone and estragole levels were high enough in some products to present a nontrivial calculated risk for cancer. Flavor chemical concentrations in refill fluids often exceeded concentrations permitted in other consumer products. These data support the regulation of flavor chemicals in EC products to reduce their potential for producing both cancer and noncancer toxicological effects.

Dataset Information

Distribution, quantification and toxicity of cinnamaldehyde in electronic cigarette refill fluids and aerosols.

Publications

Distribution, quantification and toxicity of cinnamaldehyde in electronic cigarette refill fluids and aerosols.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets