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A new index for characterizing micro-bead motion in a flow induced by ciliary beating: Part I, experimental analysis.

ABSTRACT: Mucociliary clearance is one of the major lines of defense of the respiratory system. The mucus layer coating the pulmonary airways is moved along and out of the lung by the activity of motile cilia, thus expelling the particles trapped in it. Here we compare ex vivo measurements of a Newtonian flow induced by cilia beating (using micro-beads as tracers) and a mathematical model of this fluid flow, presented in greater detail in a second companion article. Samples of nasal epithelial cells placed in water are recorded by high-speed video-microscopy and ciliary beat pattern is inferred. Automatic tracking of micro-beads, used as markers of the flow generated by cilia motion, enables us also to assess the velocity profile as a function of the distance above the cilia. This profile is shown to be essentially parabolic. The obtained experimental data are used to feed a 2D mathematical and numerical model of the coupling between cilia, fluid, and micro-bead motion. From the model and the experimental measurements, the shear stress exerted by the cilia is deduced. Finally, this shear stress, which can easily be measured in the clinical setting, is proposed as a new index for characterizing the efficiency of ciliary beating.

SUBMITTER: Bottier M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5510807 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A new index for characterizing micro-bead motion in a flow induced by ciliary beating: Part I, experimental analysis.

Bottier Mathieu M Blanchon Sylvain S Pelle Gabriel G Bequignon Emilie E Isabey Daniel D Coste André A Escudier Estelle E Grotberg James B JB Papon Jean-François JF Filoche Marcel M Louis Bruno B

PLoS computational biology 20170714 7

Mucociliary clearance is one of the major lines of defense of the respiratory system. The mucus layer coating the pulmonary airways is moved along and out of the lung by the activity of motile cilia, thus expelling the particles trapped in it. Here we compare ex vivo measurements of a Newtonian flow induced by cilia beating (using micro-beads as tracers) and a mathematical model of this fluid flow, presented in greater detail in a second companion article. Samples of nasal epithelial cells place ...[more]

PMID: 28708889

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Project description:BackgroundPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare congenital respiratory disorder characterized by abnormal ciliary motility leading to chronic airway infections. Qualitative evaluation of ciliary beat pattern based on digital high-speed videomicroscopy analysis has been proposed in the diagnosis process of PCD. Although this evaluation is easy in typical cases, it becomes difficult when ciliary beating is partially maintained. We postulated that a quantitative analysis of beat pattern would improve PCD diagnosis. We compared quantitative parameters with the qualitative evaluation of ciliary beat pattern in patients in whom the diagnosis of PCD was confirmed or excluded.MethodsNasal nitric oxide measurement, nasal brushings and biopsies were performed prospectively in 34 patients with suspected PCD. In combination with qualitative analysis, 12 quantitative parameters of ciliary beat pattern were determined on high-speed videomicroscopy recordings of beating ciliated edges. The combination of ciliary ultrastructural abnormalities on transmission electron microscopy analysis with low nasal nitric oxide levels was the "gold standard" used to establish the diagnosis of PCD.ResultsThis "gold standard" excluded PCD in 15 patients (non-PCD patients), confirmed PCD in 10 patients (PCD patients) and was inconclusive in 9 patients. Among the 12 parameters, the distance traveled by the cilium tip weighted by the percentage of beating ciliated edges presented 96% sensitivity and 95% specificity. Qualitative evaluation and quantitative analysis were concordant in non-PCD patients. In 9/10 PCD patients, quantitative analysis was concordant with the "gold standard", while the qualitative evaluation was discordant with the "gold standard" in 3/10 cases. Among the patients with an inconclusive "gold standard", the use of quantitative parameters supported PCD diagnosis in 4/9 patients (confirmed by the identification of disease-causing mutations in one patient) and PCD exclusion in 2/9 patients.ConclusionsWhen the beat pattern is normal or virtually immotile, the qualitative evaluation is adequate to study ciliary beating in patients suspected for PCD. However, when cilia are still beating but with moderate alterations (more than 40% of patients suspected for PCD), quantitative analysis is required to precise the diagnosis and can be proposed to select patients eligible for TEM.

Dataset Information

A new index for characterizing micro-bead motion in a flow induced by ciliary beating: Part I, experimental analysis.

Publications

A new index for characterizing micro-bead motion in a flow induced by ciliary beating: Part I, experimental analysis.

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