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Greater Frequency of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Is Associated With Lower Prevalence of Peripheral Artery Disease.

ABSTRACT: Although fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption is associated with lower risk of coronary heart disease and stroke, its association with peripheral artery disease (PAD) is less certain. We, thus, sought to characterize F&V intake and investigate the association between F&V consumption and presence of PAD in a large community sample.Self-referred participants at >20?000 US sites who completed medical and lifestyle questionnaires were evaluated by screening ankle brachial indices for PAD (ankle brachial index ?0.9). Among 3?696?778 individuals, mean age was 64.1±10.2 years and 64.1% were female. Daily consumption of ?3 servings of F&V was reported by 29.2%. Increasing age, female sex, white race, never smoking, being currently married, physical activity, increasing income, and frequent consumption of fish, nuts, and red meat were positively associated with daily consumption of F&V. After multivariable adjustment, there was a stepwise inverse association between F&V intake and PAD. Participants reporting daily intake of ?3 servings of F&V had 18% lower odds of PAD than those reporting less than monthly consumption. In unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted models, the inverse association with F&V became stronger as ankle brachial index decreased. When stratified by smoking status, the association was present only among those subjects who currently or formerly smoked tobacco.Our study demonstrates an inverse association of F&V consumption with prevalent PAD and overall low F&V consumption. These observations suggest the need to further efforts to increase F&V consumption and for more rigorous evaluation of the role of F&V in PAD prevention.

SUBMITTER: Heffron SP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5515295 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Greater Frequency of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Is Associated With Lower Prevalence of Peripheral Artery Disease.

Heffron Sean P SP Rockman Caron B CB Adelman Mark A MA Gianos Eugenia E Guo Yu Y Xu Jin Feng JF Berger Jeffrey S JS

Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 20170518 6

<h4>Objective</h4>Although fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption is associated with lower risk of coronary heart disease and stroke, its association with peripheral artery disease (PAD) is less certain. We, thus, sought to characterize F&V intake and investigate the association between F&V consumption and presence of PAD in a large community sample.<h4>Approach and results</h4>Self-referred participants at >20 000 US sites who completed medical and lifestyle questionnaires were evaluated by scre ...[more]

PMID: 28522699

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Project description:BackgroundThe 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) provides specific intake recommendations for vegetable variety and amount in order to protect against chronic disease. However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have examined the link between DGA recommended vegetable variety and cardiometabolic disease. To address this research gap, our aim was to estimate the relationship between vegetable variety, vegetable amount, and prevalent cardiometabolic disease subtypes, and to assess potential determinants of vegetable variety.MethodsData on food intake and reported cardiometabolic disease status were acquired for 38,981 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2014). Vegetable variety was measured using a modified dietary diversity index that was adjusted for the potential confounding effects of vegetable amount. Temporal trends in vegetable variety and amount were assessed using univariate linear regression models. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the relationship between vegetable variety and prevalent disease, and between vegetable amount and prevalent disease. Multivariate ordered logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between vegetable variety and explanatory variables.ResultsOverall, vegetable variety decreased (P?=?0.035) from 1999 to 2014, but vegetable amount did not (P?=?0.864). Intake of starchy vegetables decreased (P?<?0.001), and intake of dark green vegetables increased (P?<?0.001) over this 16-year period, but no trends were observed for other subgroups. An inverse linear relationship was observed between vegetable variety and prevalent coronary heart disease (P-trend?=?0.032) but not other prevalent diseases; and between vegetable amount and coronary heart disease (P-trend?=?0.026) but not other prevalent diseases. Individuals who reported consuming dark green vegetables had lower odds of having cardiovascular disease (0.86, 95% CI: 0.74-0.99) and coronary heart disease (0.78, 0.65-0.94) compared to individuals who reported not consuming any green vegetables. Living with a domestic partner was associated with greater vegetable variety (P?=?<?0.001), and currently smoking was associated with lower vegetable variety (P?=?<?0.001). Vegetable variety and amount were positively associated (P?<?0.001).ConclusionsVegetable variety and amount were inversely associated with prevalent coronary heart disease. Vegetable variety was strongly associated with vegetable amount, likely mediated by reduced habituation and increased liking. Increasing vegetable variety and amount are still important messages for the public.

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Greater Frequency of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Is Associated With Lower Prevalence of Peripheral Artery Disease.

Publications

Greater Frequency of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Is Associated With Lower Prevalence of Peripheral Artery Disease.

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