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Trail (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) induces an inflammatory response in human adipocytes.

ABSTRACT: High serum concentrations of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a member of the tumor necrosis factor protein family, are found in patients with increased BMI and serum lipid levels. In a model of murine obesity, both the expression of TRAIL and its receptor (TRAIL-R) is elevated in adipose tissue. Accordingly, TRAIL has been proposed as an important mediator of adipose tissue inflammation and obesity-associated diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate if TRAIL regulates inflammatory processes at the level of the adipocyte. Using human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) cells as a model system, we found that TRAIL induces an inflammatory response in both preadipocytes and adipocytes. It stimulates the expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8) as well as the chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and chemokine C-C motif ligand 20 (CCL-20) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. By using small molecule inhibitors, we found that both the NFκB and the ERK1/2 pathway are crucial for mediating the effect of TRAIL. Taken together, we identified a novel pro-inflammatory function of TRAIL in human adipocytes. Our findings suggest that targeting the TRAIL/TRAIL-R system might be a useful strategy to tackle obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation.

SUBMITTER: Zoller V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5515939 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been shown to be a potent inducer of apoptosis in various cancer cell lines and primary cancer cells. However, in clinical trials administration of recombinant TRAIL or TRAIL death receptor agonists did not show sufficient efficacy for treatment of tested malignant disorders compared to standard chemotherapy. Acquired resistance of cancer cells to TRAIL and to other âdeath receptorâ ligands may explain not only the inability of TRAIL and TRAIL âdeath receptorâ agonists to achieve the clearance of cancer cells in vivo but also the escape of cancer cells from immune cell â mediated killing. Selective pressure of TRAIL on TRAIL-sensitive Jurkat T-lymphoblastic leukemia cells provided several TRAIL resistant Jurkat cell line clones (TR1, TR2, TR3). We showed that acquired TRAIL resistance was associated with complex disruption of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways manifested by acquired multi-drug resistant phenotype of TR1, TR2, and TR3 clones. To identify changes associated with TRAIL resistance of Jurkat cells we performed genome-wide gene expression analysis of TRAIL-resistant clones (TR) and compared to WT Jurkat cells. We identified significantly increased expression (1.33-fold change with adjusted p < 0.05) of 73 genes in TR1 clone, 53 genes in TR2 clone and 8 genes in TR3 clone, and significant decrease in expression (0.75-fold change with adjusted p < 0.05) of 174 genes in TR1 clone, 36 genes in TR2 clone and 28 genes in TR3 clone. There was an overlap of only 2 significantly overexpressed (midkine / MDK and zinc finger and BTB domain containing 16 gene / ZBTB16 / PLZF) and 4 downregulated genes (YAP1, IGJ, EIF1AY, RPS4Y1) in all three TR clones. Total cellular RNA was isolated from biologic duplicates of untreated Jurkat cells (WT) and TRAIL resistant Jurkat cell line subclones (TR1, TR2, TR3) established by selective pressure of TRAIL 1000 ng/mL on Jurkat cells over the period of 12 weeks.

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Trail (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) induces an inflammatory response in human adipocytes.

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