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Chronic high-sodium diet intake after weaning lead to neurogenic hypertension in adult Wistar rats.

ABSTRACT: In this study, we investigated some mechanisms involved in sodium-dependent hypertension of rats exposed to chronic salt (NaCl) intake from weaning until adult age. Weaned male Wistar rats were placed under high (0.90% w/w, HS) or regular (0.27% w/w, Cont) sodium diets for 12 weeks. Water consumption, urine output and sodium excretion were higher in HS rats compared to control. Blood pressure (BP) was directly measured by the arterial catheter and found 13.8% higher in HS vs Cont rats. Ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium caused greater fall in the BP of HS rats (33%), and central antagonism of AT₁ receptors (losartan) microinjected into the lateral ventricle reduced BP level of HS, but not of Cont group. Heart rate variability analysis revealed sympathetic prevalence on modulation of the systolic interval. HS diet did not affect creatinine clearance. Kidney histological analysis revealed no significant change in renal corpuscle structure. Sodium and potassium concentrations in CSF were found higher in HS rats despite no change in plasma concentration of these ions. Taken together, data suggest that animals exposed to chronic salt intake to a level close to that reported for human' diet since weaning lead to hypertension, which appears to rely on sodium-driven neurogenic mechanisms.

SUBMITTER: Gomes PM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5515999 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Chronic high-sodium diet intake after weaning lead to neurogenic hypertension in adult Wistar rats.

Gomes Paula Magalhães PM Sá Renato Willian Martins RWM Aguiar Giovana Lopes GL Paes Milede Hanner Saraiva MHS Alzamora Andréia Carvalho AC Lima Wanderson Geraldo WG de Oliveira Lisandra Brandino LB Stocker Sean David SD Antunes Vagner Roberto VR Cardoso Leonardo M LM

Scientific reports 20170718 1

In this study, we investigated some mechanisms involved in sodium-dependent hypertension of rats exposed to chronic salt (NaCl) intake from weaning until adult age. Weaned male Wistar rats were placed under high (0.90% w/w, HS) or regular (0.27% w/w, Cont) sodium diets for 12 weeks. Water consumption, urine output and sodium excretion were higher in HS rats compared to control. Blood pressure (BP) was directly measured by the arterial catheter and found 13.8% higher in HS vs Cont rats. Ganglioni ...[more]

PMID: 28720883

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Project description:IntroductionTobacco use is highly addictive and the leading cause of premature mortality in the world. Long-access nicotine self-administration procedures in rats closely model human smoking behavior. However, significant gaps remain in our understanding of sex differences in the development of dependence and relapse in adult rats.MethodsIn the present study, we investigated operant responding for both nicotine and saline and the development of dependence in adult rats of both sexes. The rats had daily access to nicotine or saline for 6 h per day, 7 days per week. Dependence was assessed by evaluating precipitated and spontaneous somatic withdrawal signs, measuring locomotor activity in the small open field test, and assessing anxiety-like behavior in the large open field and elevated plus maze test. The sucrose preference test was used to determine if cessation of nicotine intake leads to anhedonia. It was also investigated if a period of forced abstinence affects nicotine-seeking behavior.ResultsThis study showed that nicotine intake is higher in females than in males when given daily long access to nicotine. Daily nicotine self-administration led to more precipitated and spontaneous somatic withdrawal signs compared to saline self-administration, with no sex differences observed. In addition, cessation of nicotine intake led to a similar increase in activity in both males and females in the small open field test. However, cessation of nicotine intake did not increase anxiety-like behavior or cause anhedonia in either males or females. A time course analysis revealed that the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist mecamylamine affected nicotine intake differently in males and females, increasing intake in males and decreasing intake in females. Three weeks of forced abstinence led to an increase in nicotine and saline-seeking behavior. The rats exhibited more nicotine than saline seeking, and the females displayed more nicotine seeking than the males.DiscussionThe present findings demonstrate that females self-administer more nicotine and display more nicotine-seeking behavior than males. Furthermore, there were no sex differences in somatic withdrawal signs or activity during abstinence from nicotine. This work underscores the importance of considering sex differences across various aspects of addiction, including intake and relapse, when developing novel treatments for tobacco use disorder.

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Chronic high-sodium diet intake after weaning lead to neurogenic hypertension in adult Wistar rats.

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Chronic high-sodium diet intake after weaning lead to neurogenic hypertension in adult Wistar rats.

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