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Association between urinary biomarkers of total sugars intake and measures of obesity in a cross-sectional study.

ABSTRACT: Obesity is an important modifiable risk factor for chronic diseases. While there is increasing focus on the role of dietary sugars, there remains a paucity of data establishing the association between sugar intake and obesity in the general public. The objective of this study was to investigate associations of estimated sugar intake with odds for obesity in a representative sample of English adults. We used data from 434 participants of the 2005 Health Survey of England. Biomarkers for total sugar intake were measured in 24 h urine samples and used to estimate intake. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to investigate associations between biomarker-based estimated intake and measures of obesity (body mass intake (BMI), waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio) and obesity risk, respectively. Estimated sugar intake was significantly associated with BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio; these associations remained significant after adjustment for estimated protein intake as a marker of non-sugar energy intake. Estimated sugar intake was also associated with increased odds for obesity based on BMI (OR 1.02; 95%CI 1.00-1.04 per 10g), waist-circumference (1.03; 1.01-1.05) and waist-to-hip ratio (1.04; 1.02-1.06); all OR estimates remained significant after adjusting for estimated protein intake. Our results strongly support positive associations between total sugar intake, measures of obesity and likelihood of being obese. It is the first time that such an association has been shown in a nationally-representative sample of the general population using a validated biomarker. This biomarker could be used to monitor the efficacy of public health interventions to reduce sugar intake.

SUBMITTER: Campbell R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5517003 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Association between urinary biomarkers of total sugars intake and measures of obesity in a cross-sectional study.

Campbell Rachel R Tasevska Natasha N Jackson Kim G KG Sagi-Kiss Virag V di Paolo Nick N Mindell Jennifer S JS Lister Susan J SJ Khaw Kay-Tee KT Kuhnle Gunter G C GGC

PloS one 20170719 7

Obesity is an important modifiable risk factor for chronic diseases. While there is increasing focus on the role of dietary sugars, there remains a paucity of data establishing the association between sugar intake and obesity in the general public. The objective of this study was to investigate associations of estimated sugar intake with odds for obesity in a representative sample of English adults. We used data from 434 participants of the 2005 Health Survey of England. Biomarkers for total sug ...[more]

PMID: 28723954

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Project description:BackgroundPregnant and lactating women are at high risk of insufficient water intake. The cross-sectional study was mainly designed to evaluate the water intake, including total water intake (TWI), plain water intake, and water intake from beverages and foods of 200 pregnant women and 150 breastfeeding women in Beijing.MethodsA semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was employed to assess their dietary intake, TWI, plain water, and water intake from beverages and foods. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted for evaluating the association between water intake and dietary variables.ResultsOn average, the TWI of pregnant and breastfeeding women was 2638?mL/day and 3218?mL/day, respectively. Only 28% of pregnant women and 27% of breastfeeding women were complied with the adequate intake (AI). Water from foods was the greatest contributor to TWI both in pregnant and breastfeeding women. TWI was positively related to some dietary variables (P?<?0.001). For pregnant women, with each 100?kcal/day increase in energy intake, the TWI increased by 67?mL. With each 5?g increase in daily intake of dietary protein, fat, carbohydrate and fiber, TWI increased by 72?mL, 66?mL, 22?mL, 353?mL, respectively. When the energy contribution of protein increased by 5%, TWI increased by 210?mL. The each 100?mg increase in daily sodium intake was accompanied with 52?mL increase in TWI. For breastfeeding women, with each 100?kcal/day increase in energy intake, the TWI increased by 54?mL. With each 5?g increase in daily intake of dietary protein, fat, carbohydrate and fiber, TWI increased by 53?mL, 58?mL, 16?mL, 212?mL, respectively. The each 100?mg increase in daily sodium intake was accompanied with 54?mL increase in TWI.ConclusionsA large proportion of pregnant and breastfeeding women in Beijing were not adherent to AI for TWI set by Chinese Nutrition Society. Water intake from foods was the greatest contributor to TWI both in pregnant and breastfeeding women, and maternal dietary intake posed impacts on water intake during pregnancy and lactation. More researches are required to assess the water intake and hydration status of the populations.

Project description:BackgroundDeveloping approaches for the objective assessment of sugars intake in population research is crucial for generating reliable disease risk estimates, and evidence-based dietary guidelines. Twenty-four-hour urinary sucrose and fructose (24uSF) was developed as a predictive biomarker of total sugars intake based on 3 UK feeding studies, yet its performance as a biomarker of total sugars among US participants is unknown.ObjectivesTo investigate the performance of 24uSF as a biomarker of sugars intake among US participants, and to characterize its use.MethodsNinety-eight participants, aged 18-70 y, consumed their usual diet under controlled conditions of a feeding study for 15 d, and collected 8 nonconsecutive 24-h urines measured for sucrose and fructose.ResultsA linear mixed model regressing log 24uSF biomarker on log total sugars intake along with other covariates explained 56% of the biomarker variance. Total sugars intake was the strongest predictor in the model (Marginal R2 = 0.52; P <0.0001), followed by sex (P = 0.0002) and log age (P = 0.002). The equation was then inverted to solve for total sugars intake, thus generating a calibrated biomarker equation. Calibration of the biomarker produced mean biomarker-based log total sugars of 4.79 (SD = 0.59), which was similar to the observed log 15-d mean total sugars intake of 4.69 (0.35). The correlation between calibrated biomarker and usual total sugars intake was 0.59 for the calibrated biomarker based on a single biomarker measurement, and 0.76 based on 4 biomarker repeats spaced far apart.ConclusionsIn this controlled feeding study, total sugars intake was the main determinant of 24uSF confirming its utility as a biomarker of total sugars in this population. Next steps will include validation of stability assumptions of the biomarker calibration equation proposed here, which will allow its use as an instrument for dietary validation and measurement error correction in diet-disease association studies.

Project description:Overweight and obesity among adolescents are increasing worldwide. Risk factors include dietary intake characteristics and high levels of physical inactivity. In Sweden, few large comprehensive population-based surveys of dietary intake and lifestyle among adolescents have been carried out. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to describe dietary intake and food choices as well as leisure time activities in relation to overweight and obesity in a total sample of all schoolchildren aged 15 years in Western Sweden.In 2008, a questionnaire was sent to all 21,651 adolescents born in 1992 in Västra Götaland Region, Sweden. Participation rate was 54.3 % (50.7 % girls/49.3 % boys). The questionnaire included a 73-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and questions on lifestyle. Results were evaluated against the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations and Swedish indicators of healthy diet and exercise habits. Associations with concurrent overweight and obesity were evaluated in multiple linear regression analysis.Among girls, 49.5 % reached the goal of consuming fruit and vegetables at least daily, whereas for boys the figure was 34.4 %. Among both sexes, 15 % reached the goal of consuming fish at least twice weekly. Two-thirds of both sexes reached the goal of regular moderate or vigorous physical activity weekly. In total, 12.4 % were overweight and 2.4 % were obese. More girls than boys were underweight, whereas more boys than girls were overweight or obese (p < 0.001). Boys exhibited a more frequent intake of sodas and concentrated fruit juices, milk 3 % fat, bread and potatoes and fast food (p < 0.001). Frequent intake of candies and chocolate was reported by both sexes. Among girls and boys, living in rural areas, living in apartments and reporting no frequent leisure time physical activity were significant risk factors for being overweight or obese, also when adjusted for other risk factors.Dietary habits of adolescents in Western Sweden warrant improvements. Public health actions should be taken to increase consumption of fruit, vegetables and fish, and decrease consumption of sodas and candies and also to increase frequency of physical activity. These actions may be helpful in reducing risks for overweight and obesity.

Dataset Information

Association between urinary biomarkers of total sugars intake and measures of obesity in a cross-sectional study.

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Association between urinary biomarkers of total sugars intake and measures of obesity in a cross-sectional study.

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