Dataset Information

Association of time-serial changes in ambient particulate matters (PMs) with respiratory emergency cases in Taipei's Wenshan District.

ABSTRACT: Ambient air pollution poses a significant risk for a group of common and often debilitating respiratory diseases, but its direct impact on cause-specific respiratory diseases using emergency room visit (ERV) as an indicator remains to be fully explored. In this study, we conducted a time-series study of ambient PM2.5, NO2, SO2 and their association with ERV for asthma, COPD and pneumonia in a four-year time span. Relative risks for ERV as per log increase in the level of ambient pollutants with time lags of up to 10 days were calculated, using a generalized additive model of Poisson regression. Daily 24-h average concentrations of PM2.5 and pollutant gases were obtained from a local Gutting air quality monitoring station. Results showed that the ERVs for pneumonia and asthma were associated with the level of PM2.5. The effects of PM2.5 on the risk of ERV for asthma were found to be significant at lag days 1 and 2 with increasing risk of 4.34% [RR: 1.091; CI: 1.020-1.166 (95%)] and 3.58% [RR: 1.074; CI: 1.007-1.146 (95%)], respectively. The ERV for pneumonia was associated with the level of PM2.5 at lag days 5, 6 and 7, with increasing risk of 1.92% [RR: 1.039; CI: 1.009-1.070 (95%)], 2.03% [RR: 1.041; CI: 1.009-1.075 (95%)], and 1.82% [RR: 1.037; CI: 1.001-1.075 (95%)], respectively. Further, PM2.5, but not NO2 and SO2, posed a significant risk of ERV for asthma during spring at lag days 0, 1 and 2 (17.12%, RR: 1.408, CI: 1.075-1.238; 15.30%, RR: 1.358 CI: 1.158-1.166; 11.94%, RR: 1.165, CI: 1.004-1.121), which was particularly evident for those who were younger than 75 years of age. In contrast, only PM2.5 was a significant risk of ERV for COPD, which was primarily for those who were younger than 75 years of age during summer season at lag days 3, 4 and 5. (26.66%, RR: 1.704, CI: 1.104-2.632; 26.99%; RR: 1.716, CI: 1.151-2.557; 24.09%; RR: 1.619, CI: 1.111-2.360). Collectively, these results suggested significant seasonal variation and differential time lag effects of PM2.5 on ERV for asthma, COPD and pneumonia.

SUBMITTER: Chang JH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5521777 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Association of time-serial changes in ambient particulate matters (PMs) with respiratory emergency cases in Taipei's Wenshan District.

Chang Jer-Hwa JH Hsu Shih-Chang SC Bai Kuan-Jen KJ Huang Shau-Ku SK Hsu Chin-Wang CW

PloS one 20170721 7

Ambient air pollution poses a significant risk for a group of common and often debilitating respiratory diseases, but its direct impact on cause-specific respiratory diseases using emergency room visit (ERV) as an indicator remains to be fully explored. In this study, we conducted a time-series study of ambient PM2.5, NO2, SO2 and their association with ERV for asthma, COPD and pneumonia in a four-year time span. Relative risks for ERV as per log increase in the level of ambient pollutants with ...[more]

PMID: 28732014

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Exposure to particulate matter (PM) emitted from biomass burning is an increasing concern, particularly in Southeast Asia. It is not yet clear how the source of PM influences the risk of an adverse health outcome. The objective of this study was to quantify and compare health risks of PM from biomass burning and non-biomass burning sources in northern Thailand. METHODS:We collected ambient air pollutant data (PM with a diameter of < 10 μm [PM10], PM2.5, Carbon Monoxide [CO], Ozone [O3], and Nitrogen Dioxide [NO2]) from ground-based monitors and daily outpatient hospital visits in Thailand during 2014-2017. Outpatient data included chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD), ischaemic heart disease (IHD), and cerebrovascular disease (CBVD). We performed an ecological time series analysis to evaluate the association between daily air pollutants and outpatient visits. We used the 90th and 95th percentiles of PM10 concentrations to determine days of exposure to PM predominantly from biomass burning. RESULTS:There was significant intra annual variation in PM10 levels, with the highest concentrations occurring during March, coinciding with peak biomass burning. Incidence Rate Ratios (IRRs) between daily PM10 and outpatient visits were elevated most on the same day as exposure for CLRD = 1.020 (95% CI: 1.012 to 1.028) and CBVD = 1.020 (95% CI: 1.004 to 1.035), with no association with IHD = 0.994 (95% CI: 0.974 to 1.014). Adjusting for CO tended to increase effect estimates. We did not find evidence of an exposure response relationship with levels of PM10 on days of biomass burning. CONCLUSIONS:We found same-day exposures of PM10 to be associated with certain respiratory and cardiovascular outpatient visits. We advise implementing measures to reduce population exposures to PM wherever possible, and to improve understanding of health effects associated with burning specific types of biomass in areas where such large-scale activities occur.

Project description:Various temporal metrics of daily pollution levels have been used to examine the relationships between air pollutants and acute health outcomes. However, daily metrics of the same pollutant have rarely been systematically compared within a study. In this analysis, we describe the variability of effect estimates attributable to the use of different temporal metrics of daily pollution levels. We obtained hourly measurements of ambient particulate matter (PM?.?), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO?), and ozone (O?) from air monitoring networks in 20-county Atlanta for the time period 1993-2004. For each pollutant, we created (1) a daily 1-h maximum; (2) a 24-h average; (3) a commute average; (4) a daytime average; (5) a nighttime average; and (6) a daily 8-h maximum (only for O?). Using Poisson generalized linear models, we examined associations between daily counts of respiratory emergency department visits and the previous day's pollutant metrics. Variability was greatest across O? metrics, with the 8-h maximum, 1-h maximum, and daytime metrics yielding strong positive associations and the nighttime O? metric yielding a negative association (likely reflecting confounding by air pollutants oxidized by O?). With the exception of daytime metric, all of the CO and NO? metrics were positively associated with respiratory emergency department visits. Differences in observed associations with respiratory emergency room visits among temporal metrics of the same pollutant were influenced by the diurnal patterns of the pollutant, spatial representativeness of the metrics, and correlation between each metric and copollutant concentrations. Overall, the use of metrics based on the US National Ambient Air Quality Standards (for example, the use of a daily 8-h maximum O? as opposed to a 24-h average metric) was supported by this analysis. Comparative analysis of temporal metrics also provided insight into underlying relationships between specific air pollutants and respiratory health.

Project description:Murine Pulmonary Responses to Ambient Baltimore Particulate Matter: Genomic Analysis and Contribution to Airway Hyperresponsiveness Asthma is a complex disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and chronic airway inflammation. Environmental factors such as ambient particulate matter (PM), a major air pollutant, has been demonstrated in epidemiological studies to contribute to asthma exacerbation and increased asthma prevalence. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the genomic and pathophysiological effects of Baltimore PM (median diameter 1.78 µm) in a murine model of asthma to identify potential biomarkers. METHODS: A/J mice with ovalbumin (OVA) –induced AHR were exposed to PM (20 mg/kg, intratracheal), and both AHR and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were assayed on days 1, 4, and 7 post exposure. Lung gene expression profiling (Affymetrix Mouse430_ 2.0) by PM (20 mg/kg, intratracheal) were assayed on OVA- and / or PM--challenged mice. RESULTS: Significant increases of airway responsiveness in OVA-treated mice were observed, indicating an asthmatic phenotype. Ambient PM exposure induced significant changes in AHR in both naive mice and OVA-induced asthmatic mice. In both naive and OVA challenged asthmatic mice, PM induced eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration into airways, elevated BAL protein content, and stimulated secretion of TH1 cytokines (IFN-g, IL-6, and TNF-a) and TH2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and eotaxin) into BAL. Consistent with these results, PM induced expression of genes of innate immune response, chemotaxis and complementary system. CONCLUSION: These studies, consistent with epidemiological data, indicate that PM increases AHR and lung inflammation in naïve mice and exacerbates the asthma phenotype of increased AHR and gene expression pattern changes correlated with acute lung inflammation and airway damage. We used microarrays to detail the global programme of gene expression induced by rhPBEF treatment and VALI. Keywords: gene expression

Project description:BackgroundStudies have explored ozone's connection to asthma and total respiratory emergency department visits (EDVs) but have neglected other specific respiratory diagnoses despite hypotheses relating ozone to respiratory infections and allergic responses.ObjectiveWe examined relationships between ozone and EDVs for respiratory visits, including specifically acute respiratory infections (ARI), asthma, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and upper respiratory tract inflammation (URTI).MethodsWe conducted a multi-site time-stratified case-crossover study of ozone exposures for approximately 3.7 million respiratory EDVs from 2005 through 2008 among California residents living within 20 km of an ozone monitor. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate associations by climate zone. Random effects meta-analysis was then applied to estimate pooled excess risks (ER). Effect modification by season, distance from the monitor and individual demographic characteristics (i.e., age, race/ethnicity, sex, and payment method), and confounding by other gaseous air pollutants were also investigated. Meta-regression was utilized to explore how climate zone-level meteorological, demographic, and regional differences influenced estimates.ResultsWe observed ozone-associated increases in all respiratory, asthma, and ARI visits, which were slightly larger in the warm season [asthma ER per 10-ppb increase in mean of same and previous 3 days ozone exposure (lag03) = 2.7%, 95% CI: 1.5, 3.9; ARI ERlag03 = 1.4%, 95% CI: 0.8, 1.9]. EDVs for pneumonia, COPD, and URTI were also significantly associated with ozone exposure over the whole year, but typically more consistently so during the warm season.ConclusionsShort-term ozone exposures among California residents living near an ozone monitor were positively associated with EDVs for asthma, ARI, pneumonia, COPD, and URTI from 2005 through 2008. Those associations were typically larger and more consistent during the warm season. Our findings suggest that these outcomes should be considered when evaluating the potential health benefits of reducing ozone concentrations.CitationMalig BJ, Pearson DL, Chang YB, Broadwin R, Basu R, Green RS, Ostro B. 2016. A time-stratified case-crossover study of ambient ozone exposure and emergency department visits for specific respiratory diagnoses in California (2005-2008). Environ Health Perspect 124:745-753; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409495.

Dataset Information

Association of time-serial changes in ambient particulate matters (PMs) with respiratory emergency cases in Taipei's Wenshan District.

Publications

Association of time-serial changes in ambient particulate matters (PMs) with respiratory emergency cases in Taipei's Wenshan District.

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