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Abnormal fetal muscle forces result in defects in spinal curvature and alterations in vertebral segmentation and shape.

ABSTRACT: The incidence of congenital spine deformities, including congenital scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis, may be influenced by the in utero mechanical environment, and particularly by fetal movements at critical time-points. There is a limited understanding of the influence of fetal movements on spinal development, despite the fact that mechanical forces have been shown to play an essential role in skeletal development of the limb. This study investigates the effects of muscle forces on spinal curvature, vertebral segmentation, and vertebral shape by inducing rigid or flaccid paralysis in the embryonic chick. The critical time-points for the influence of fetal movements on spinal development were identified by varying the time of onset of paralysis. Prolonged rigid paralysis induced severe defects in the spine, including curvature abnormalities, posterior and anterior vertebral fusions, and altered vertebral shape, while flaccid paralysis did not affect spinal curvature or vertebral segmentation. Early rigid paralysis resulted in more severe abnormalities in the spine than later rigid paralysis. The findings of this study support the hypothesis that the timing and nature of fetal muscle activity are critical influences on the normal development of the spine, with implications for the understanding of congenital spine deformities. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2135-2144, 2017.

SUBMITTER: Rolfe RA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5523455 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Abnormal fetal muscle forces result in defects in spinal curvature and alterations in vertebral segmentation and shape.

Rolfe Rebecca A RA Bezer James H JH Kim Tyler T Zaidon Ahmed Z AZ Oyen Michelle L ML Iatridis James C JC Nowlan Niamh C NC

Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society 20170512 10

The incidence of congenital spine deformities, including congenital scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis, may be influenced by the in utero mechanical environment, and particularly by fetal movements at critical time-points. There is a limited understanding of the influence of fetal movements on spinal development, despite the fact that mechanical forces have been shown to play an essential role in skeletal development of the limb. This study investigates the effects of muscle forces on spinal curv ...[more]

PMID: 28079273

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Project description:BackgroundQuantification of vertebral arteries can provide insights into basilar curvature and plaque. Therefore, this retrospective study aimed at identifying the dominant vertebral artery (VA) causing basilar artery (BA) curvature and to further quantify the effect of dominant VA angle on BA curvature and BA plaque using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI) and 3-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (3D-TOF-MRA).MethodsThis retrospective analysis included 521 participants who underwent HRMRI in the China-Japan Friendship Hospital from November 2015 to October 2021 for neurological symptoms or signs. The VA angle more related to BA curvature was defined as the dominant VA angle. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the dominant VA angle and mid-BA angle, while multivariable logistics regression was used to evaluate the influence of the dominant VA angle and clinical risk factors on BA plaque.ResultsIn total, 259 participants were included in this study (mean age 53.71±13.12 years; 146 males). The balanced-type participants had a significantly lower probability of BA plaques (P<0.001). The Chi-squared test showed that the BA curvature direction was significantly associated with the side with larger VA diameter (P<0.001) and larger VA angle (P<0.001). As a result, the VA angle on the side with the larger diameter or the larger VA angle when the diameters were similar was considered to be the dominant VA angle. The dominant VA angle was independently correlated with the mid-BA angle (P<0.001). In addition, the dominant VA angle was also an independent risk factor for BA plaque. Additionally, 80° was the cutoff value of the dominant VA angle, and when the dominant VA angle was greater than 80°, the risk of BA plaque increased about 18-fold [odds ratio, 18.951; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.545-79.026; P<0.001].ConclusionsThe dominant VA angle was independently associated with BA plaque, and a dominant VA angle greater than 80° may be a marker for a high risk of posterior circulation atherosclerosis.

Dataset Information

Abnormal fetal muscle forces result in defects in spinal curvature and alterations in vertebral segmentation and shape.

Publications

Abnormal fetal muscle forces result in defects in spinal curvature and alterations in vertebral segmentation and shape.

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