A Model Approach to Public Engagement Training for Students in Developing Countries.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Karikari TK
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5524467 | biostudies-literature | 2017
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
A Model Approach to Public Engagement Training for Students in Developing Countries.
Karikari Thomas K TK Yawson Nat Ato NA
Journal of microbiology & biology education 20170421 1
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Project description:BackgroundThe challenges faced by the low and middle-income countries (LMIC) in the field of public health management calls for the capacity building of qualified and trained public health managers in order to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the health care delivery system. Most of the existing training programs for public health management are based in the settings of developed countries, which hinders their application in LMIC countries. The objective of this paper is to document the process of development and evaluation of a capacity building program for public health managers of various LMICs.Material and methodsA training program was developed using Kern's six-step framework with several innovative learning and assessment methodologies and evaluation using Kirkpatrick training evaluation model. Delphi technique was used for program development.ResultsThis five to ten-day partly/fully funded six International Public Health Management Development Programs (IPHMDP) programs was conceptualized which enrolled 178 participants from 42 countries between years 2016 and 2019. Based upon the elaborative discussion in four rounds of Delphi technique, the problem and challenges faced by public health mangers and eight key competencies (viz. Leadership and governance, Project/ program planning, financial management, supply chain management, quality management, Human Resource management, monitoring and evaluation, and communication.) were identified. The group consensually agree upon a blended teaching methodology comprising of chalk and talk approach, inquiry based learning, participatory student based learning, small group instructions, gamification, project-based learning and field-based learning. There was a significant increase in participants' knowledge score (P<0.0001) after all programs especially in the competencies of monitoring and evaluation, followed by project/ program planning, supply chain management and quality management. The majority (90%) submitted their action plan one week following the program, out of which 64% implemented their action plans within six months. A majority (54.7%) of participants were able to implement their learning once they went back by conducting similar training/ workshop/webinars in their settings.ConclusionThe comprehensive public health management program in LMIC settings strengthens the competencies of public health managers which can be replicated in similar settings across LMIC to mitigate diverse challenges in public health management.
| S-EPMC10121058 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Ferment: An outreach project using Nanopore 16S amplicon sequencing to investigate fermented foods
| PRJEB29723 | ENA
Project description:The imperative to increase seafood supply while dealing with its overfished local stocks has pushed the European Union (EU) and its Member States to fish in the Exclusive Economic Zones of other countries through various types of fishing agreements for decades. Although European public fishing agreements are commented on regularly and considered to be transparent, this is the first global and historical study on the fee regime that governs them. We find that the EU has subsidized these agreements at an average of 75% of their cost (financial contribution agreed upon in the agreements), while private European business interests paid the equivalent of 1.5% of the value of the fish that was eventually landed. This raises questions of fisheries benefit-sharing and resource-use equity that the EU has the potential to address during the nearly completed reform of its Common Fisheries Policy.
| S-EPMC3842348 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Of the 3.7 million neonatal deaths and 3.3 million stillbirths each year, 98% occur in developing countries. An evaluation of community-based interventions designed to reduce the number of these deaths is needed.With the use of a train-the-trainer model, local instructors trained birth attendants from rural communities in six countries (Argentina, Democratic Republic of Congo, Guatemala, India, Pakistan, and Zambia) in the World Health Organization Essential Newborn Care course (which focuses on routine neonatal care, resuscitation, thermoregulation, breast-feeding, "kangaroo" [skin-to-skin] care, care of the small baby, and common illnesses) and (except in Argentina) in a modified version of the American Academy of Pediatrics Neonatal Resuscitation Program (which teaches basic resuscitation in depth). The Essential Newborn Care intervention was assessed among 57,643 infants with the use of a before-and-after design. The Neonatal Resuscitation Program intervention was assessed as a cluster-randomized, controlled trial involving 62,366 infants. The primary outcome was neonatal death in the first 7 days after birth.The 7-day follow-up rate was 99.2%. After birth attendants were trained in the Essential Newborn Care course, there was no significant reduction from baseline in the rate of neonatal death from all causes in the 7 days after birth (relative risk with training, 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81 to 1.22) or in the rate of perinatal death; there was a significant reduction in the rate of stillbirth (relative risk with training, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.88; P=0.003). In clusters of births in which attendants had been randomly assigned to receive training in the Neonatal Resuscitation Program, as compared with control clusters, there was no reduction in the rates of neonatal death in the 7 days after birth, stillbirth, or perinatal death.The rate of neonatal death in the 7 days after birth did not decrease after the introduction of Essential Newborn Care training of community-based birth attendants, although the rate of stillbirths was reduced. Subsequent training in the Neonatal Resuscitation Program did not significantly reduce the mortality rates. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00136708.)
| S-EPMC3565382 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The City and County of San Francisco was the first municipality in the United States to institute a COVID-19 contact tracing program. The San Francisco Department of Public Health (SFDPH) and the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) created an outcome-based fully remote contact tracing curriculum using participatory learning methods to train non-public health emergency workers as contact tracers. Between April and December 2020, we trained over 300 individuals in contact tracing skills and procedures over three training phases. Using iterative curriculum design and Kirkpatrick's evaluation methodology, we aimed to ensure high quality and successful person-centered contact tracing. The resulting curriculum consisted of 24 learning outcomes taught with six participatory skills development activities, asynchronous materials, and one-on-one contact tracer support. We collected more than 700 responses from trainees using various evaluation tools across the training phases, and contact tracers interviewed more than 24,000 contacts after training in our program. Our evaluations showed that knowledge and skills improved for most trainees and demonstrated the utility of the training program in preparing trainees to perform person-centered contact tracing in San Francisco. Local health jurisdictions and state health agencies can use this model of curriculum development and evaluation to rapidly train a non-public health workforce to respond to future public health emergencies.
| S-EPMC10347383 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Public health leaders are increasingly being asked to address adaptive challenges in the context of finite and often limited resources. Budgets and their associated resources create the financial framework within which public health agencies and organizations must operate. Yet, many public health professionals expected to undertake roles requiring this foundational knowledge and skills are not trained in the fundamentals of public finance and are ill-equipped for managing and monitoring funds. Graduate courses in schools of public health most often are focused on health care management and finance or private sector finance. To meet the needs of future public health leaders, it is critical that academic content builds capacity in management and finance focused on public health practice. This paper describes the development of a Doctor of Public Health program management and finance course designed to prepare future public health leaders. The course aims to build the knowledge and skills of doctoral-level students to recognize the inherent challenges of public health finance and the importance of cultivating and managing resources to improve public health practice and achieve strategic public health goals.
| S-EPMC10213770 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionHead injury is an injury or wound of the brain tissue due to external forces; it can cause a decrease or change in the status of consciousness. Many head injury models have used mice as experimental animals; the Marmarou model is the most famous and the most widely-used diffuse brain injury model. In this study, we slightly modified the Marmarou model. The purpose of this study is to help researchers examining head injuries in mice, especially those in developing countries who have limited facilities and infrastructure.MethodsThis experimental research uses animals models (Rattus novergicus, strain Sprague Dawley) that fit several criteria, including male, aged 10-12 weeks, and body weight of 200-300 g. This study involves a slight modification on the tube used, with a 20 cm-long weight of 20 g. The blood samples for the following assays of ELISA and brain tissue samples were collected at 24 h and 4, 5, 6, and 7 days post-trauma.ResultsA significant effect on the brain was seen with the Marmarou model modification, at a mass weight of 20 g and height of 20 cm, with 0.04 J energy produced. Changes were also seen in the histological features of brain tissue and the serum levels of AQP-4, F2 IsoPs, MPO, and VEGF from 24 h until 7 days after trauma.ConclusionThis report describes the development of an experimental head injury approach modifying the Marmarou model that is able to produce a diffuse brain injury model in mice.
| S-EPMC7385274 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo assess the core knowledge of health indicators, federal health programs, and public health functions in practicing clinicians along with perceptions of their education and engagement with public health.Patients and methodsA paper survey in booklet form was administered to attendees at 2 general medical conferences in May 2019. The survey was divided into 5 sections: knowledge of health systems and policy, knowledge of public health concepts and function, public health engagement, public health education, and demographics.ResultsOne hundred two surveys were received from 402 attendees (response rate, 24.3%). Most were male (56%), older than 50 years (51%), and physicians (86%). Respondents had a fairly good knowledge of federal health programs (77%) and public health functions (84%), but less than half had a personal interaction with public health in the past 2 years (45%) or were aware of how to work with public health organizations in their community (46%). Only a few respondents rated their public health training as good or excellent during their primary degree (7%) or graduate medical education (15%), and most (75%) were interested in learning more about public health and health policy.ConclusionRespondents had generally good foundational knowledge of federal health programs and public health functions, although some gaps were identified. Inclusion of health policy and public health topics in continuing medical education would be well received by clinicians. To improve collaboration between public health and medicine, public health should personally engage clinicians more and explain how they can work together to improve population health.
| S-EPMC7674114 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe advantages of using simulators in skills training are generally recognized, but simulators are often too expensive for medical schools in developing countries. Cheaper locally-made models (or part-task trainers) could be the answer, especially when teachers are involved in design and production (teacher-made models, TM).MethodsWe evaluated the effectiveness of a TM in training and assessing intravenous injection skills in comparison to an available commercial model (CM) in a randomized, blind, pretest-posttest study with 144 undergraduate nursing students. All students were assessed on both the TM and the CM in the pre-test and post-test. After the post-test the students were also assessed while performing the skill on real patients.ResultsDifferences in the mean scores pre- and post-test were marked in all groups. Training with TM or CM improved student scores substantially but there was no significant difference in mean scores whether students had practiced on TM or CM. Students who practiced on TM performed better on communication with the patient than did students who practiced on CM. Decreasing the ratio of students per TM model helped to increase practice opportunities but did not improve student's mean scores. The result of the assessment on both the TM and the CM had a low correlation with the results of the assessment on real persons.ConclusionsThe TM appears to be an effective alternative to CM for training students on basic IV skills, as students showed similar increases in performance scores after training on models that cost considerably less than commercially available models. These models could be produced using locally available materials in most countries, including those with limited resources to invest in medical education and skills laboratories.
| S-EPMC3533861 | biostudies-literature
Project description:From environmental and sustainable development perspective, circular economy model is rarely applied in developing countries compared to developed nations. The aim of this paper is to review the overall scenario of the circular economy (CE) model in Bangladesh toward sustainable development. The study relies on the descriptive analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data, collected mostly from secondary sources with some in-depth interviews of the experts in the relevant field. The overall environmental status of Bangladesh, prospects, practices, and challenges of the circular economy model were thoroughly discussed in this paper. Though there are prospects to switching towards CE, the study reveals that the CE model's applicability is very limited in Bangladesh, being exercised mostly through recycling processes in some industries. Most importantly, we attempted to explore what is holding the CE practice in Bangladesh back, and iterated some policy, technical, and public participation barriers existing in Bangladesh. This paper will benefit the policymakers in developing countries in general and Bangladesh in particular to look more into the matter and hope to present ideas for future researchers to work on the idea of CE in the context of particular sectors and subsectors of Bangladesh.
| S-EPMC9160040 | biostudies-literature