Dataset Information

Brand variation in oxidant production in mainstream cigarette smoke: Carbonyls and free radicals.

ABSTRACT: Oxidative stress/damage resulting from exposure to cigarette smoke plays a critical role in the development of tobacco-caused diseases. Carbonyls and free radicals are two major classes of oxidants in tobacco smoke. There is little information on the combined delivery of these oxidants across different cigarette brands; thus, we set out to measure and compare their levels in mainstream smoke from popular US cigarettes. Mainstream smoke from 28 different cigarette brands produced by smoking (FTC protocol) was analyzed for five important, abundant carbonyls, and levels were compared to previously determined free radical for the same brands. Overall, there were large variations (3- to 6-fold) in carbonyl levels across brands with total carbonyl levels ranging from 275 to 804 ?g/cigarette, which persisted even after adjusting for ventilation. Individual carbonyl levels were highly correlated with each other (r2: 0.40-0.95, P < 0.003) except for formaldehyde. Both gas-phase (r2: 0.37, P = 0.006) and particulate-phase (r2: 0.27, P = 0.005) free radicals were correlated to total carbonyl content; however, this correlation disappeared after adjusting for ventilation. These data show that overall oxidant production varies widely by cigarette brand and the resulting difference in oxidant burden could potentially lead to differences in disease risk.

SUBMITTER: Reilly SM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5532802 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Brand variation in oxidant production in mainstream cigarette smoke: Carbonyls and free radicals.

Reilly Samantha M SM Goel Reema R Trushin Neil N Elias Ryan J RJ Foulds Jonathan J Muscat Joshua J Liao Jason J Richie John P JP

Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 20170518 Pt A

Oxidative stress/damage resulting from exposure to cigarette smoke plays a critical role in the development of tobacco-caused diseases. Carbonyls and free radicals are two major classes of oxidants in tobacco smoke. There is little information on the combined delivery of these oxidants across different cigarette brands; thus, we set out to measure and compare their levels in mainstream smoke from popular US cigarettes. Mainstream smoke from 28 different cigarette brands produced by smoking (FTC ...[more]

PMID: 28528972

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Project description:Owing to the increase in price of cigarettes in Korea, herbal cigarettes have received increasing attention as a non-smoking aid; however, its safety has hardly been studied. We analyzed some of the toxic components in the mainstream smoke of herbal cigarettes, performed a mutagenicity test on smoke condensates for safety assessment, and compared the results with the corresponding values of a general cigarette with the same tar content. Herbal cigarette "A" was smoked using automatic smoking machine under ISO conditions in a manner similar to general cigarette "T". The tar content measured was higher than that inscribed on the outside of a package. The mainstream smoke of herbal cigarette "A" did not contain detectable levels of tobacco-specific nitrosamines and nicotine. Carbon monoxide and benzo(α)pyrene contents in herbal cigarette "A" were higher than those in the general cigarette "T". The phenolic contents such as hydroquinone, resorcinol, and catechol in herbal cigarette "A" were higher than those in the general cigarette "T", but cresol contents in herbal cigarette "A" were lower than those in the general cigarette "T". The content of aromatic amines such as 4-aminobiphenyl in herbal cigarette "A" was higher than that in the general cigarette "T"; however, this difference was not statistically significant. On the other hand, 1-aminonaphthalene, 2-aminonaphthalene, and 3-aminobiphenyl contents in herbal cigarette "A" were lower than those in the general cigarette "T". The smoke condensates of herbal cigarette "A" exhibited a higher mutagenic potential than the condensates from the general cigarette "T" at the same concentration. We concluded that the mainstream smoke of herbal cigarette contains some toxic components, the smoke condensates of herbal cigarettes are mutagenic similar to general cigarette because of combustion products, and that the evaluation of the chemical and biological safety of all types of herbal cigarettes available on the market.

Project description:Smoking topography parameters differ substantially between individual smokers and may lead to significant variation in tobacco smoke exposure and risk for tobacco-caused diseases. However, to date, little is known regarding the impact of individual puff parameters on the delivery of many harmful smoke constituents including carbonyls. To examine this, we determined the effect of altering individual puff parameters on mainstream smoke carbonyl levels in machine-smoked reference cigarettes. Carbonyls including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, propionaldehyde, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), acrolein, and acetone were determined in cigarette smoke by HPLC after derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). Deliveries of all carbonyls were nearly two-fold greater when cigarettes were smoked according to the more intense Health Canada Intense (HCI) protocol compared to the International Organization of Standardization (ISO) method, consistent with the two-fold difference in total puff volume between methods (ISO: 280-315 mL; CI: 495-605 mL). When individual topography parameters were assessed, changes in puff volume alone had the greatest effect on carbonyl delivery as predicted with total carbonyls being strongly correlated with overall puff volume (r2: 0.52-0.99) regardless of how the differences in volume were achieved. All seven of the carbonyls examined showed a similar relationship with puff volume. Minor effects on carbonyl levels were observed from vent blocking and changing the interpuff interval, while effects of changing puff duration and peak flow rate were minimal. Overall, these results highlight the importance of considering topography, especially puff volume, when the toxicant delivery and potential exposure smokers receive are assessed. The lack of an impact of other behaviors, including puff intensity and duration independent of volume, indicate that factors such as temperature and peak flow rate may have minimal overall effects on carbonyl production and delivery.

Dataset Information

Brand variation in oxidant production in mainstream cigarette smoke: Carbonyls and free radicals.

Publications

Brand variation in oxidant production in mainstream cigarette smoke: Carbonyls and free radicals.

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