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(2?+?1)D-CAIPIRINHA accelerated MR spectroscopic imaging of the brain at 7T.

ABSTRACT: PURPOSE:To compare a new parallel imaging (PI) method for multislice proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1 H-MRSI), termed (2?+?1)D-CAIPIRINHA, with two standard PI methods: 2D-GRAPPA and 2D-CAIPIRINHA at 7 Tesla (T). METHODS:(2?+?1)D-CAIPIRINHA is a combination of 2D-CAIPIRINHA and slice-CAIPIRINHA. Eight healthy volunteers were measured on a 7T MR scanner using a 32-channel head coil. The best undersampling patterns were estimated for all three PI methods. The artifact powers, g-factors, Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRLB), and root mean square errors (RMSE) were compared quantitatively among the three PI methods. Metabolic maps and spectra were compared qualitatively. RESULTS:(2?+?1)D-CAIPIRINHA allows acceleration in three spatial dimensions in contrast to 2D-GRAPPA and 2D-CAIPIRINHA. Thus, this sequence significantly decreased the RMSE of the metabolic maps by 12.1 and 6.9%, on average, for 4?

SUBMITTER: Strasser B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5535010 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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(2 + 1)D-CAIPIRINHA accelerated MR spectroscopic imaging of the brain at 7T.

Strasser B B Považan M M Hangel G G Hingerl L L Chmelik M M Gruber S S Trattnig S S Bogner W W

Magnetic resonance in medicine 20160822 2

<h4>Purpose</h4>To compare a new parallel imaging (PI) method for multislice proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (<sup>1</sup> H-MRSI), termed (2 + 1)D-CAIPIRINHA, with two standard PI methods: 2D-GRAPPA and 2D-CAIPIRINHA at 7 Tesla (T).<h4>Methods</h4>(2 + 1)D-CAIPIRINHA is a combination of 2D-CAIPIRINHA and slice-CAIPIRINHA. Eight healthy volunteers were measured on a 7T MR scanner using a 32-channel head coil. The best undersampling patterns were estimated for all three PI methods ...[more]

PMID: 27548836

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Project description:Over more than 30 years in vivo MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) has undergone an enormous evolution from theoretical concepts in the early 1980s to the robust imaging technique that it is today. The development of both fast and efficient sampling and reconstruction techniques has played a fundamental role in this process. State-of-the-art MRSI has grown from a slow purely phase-encoded acquisition technique to a method that today combines the benefits of different acceleration techniques. These include shortening of repetition times, spatial-spectral encoding, undersampling of k-space and time domain, and use of spatial-spectral prior knowledge in the reconstruction. In this way in vivo MRSI has considerably advanced in terms of spatial coverage, spatial resolution, acquisition speed, artifact suppression, number of detectable metabolites and quantification precision. Acceleration not only has been the enabling factor in high-resolution whole-brain 1 H-MRSI, but today is also common in non-proton MRSI (31 P, 2 H and 13 C) and applied in many different organs. In this process, MRSI techniques had to constantly adapt, but have also benefitted from the significant increase of magnetic field strength boosting the signal-to-noise ratio along with high gradient fidelity and high-density receive arrays. In combination with recent trends in image reconstruction and much improved computation power, these advances led to a number of novel developments with respect to MRSI acceleration. Today MRSI allows for non-invasive and non-ionizing mapping of the spatial distribution of various metabolites' tissue concentrations in animals or humans, is applied for clinical diagnostics and has been established as an important tool for neuro-scientific and metabolism research. This review highlights the developments of the last five years and puts them into the context of earlier MRSI acceleration techniques. In addition to 1 H-MRSI it also includes other relevant nuclei and is not limited to certain body regions or specific applications.

Project description:PurposeFull-slice magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging at ?7 T is especially vulnerable to lipid contaminations arising from regions close to the skull. This contamination can be mitigated by improving the point spread function via higher spatial resolution sampling and k-space filtering, but this prolongs scan times and reduces the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) efficiency. Currently applied parallel imaging methods accelerate magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging scans at 7T, but increase lipid artifacts and lower SNR-efficiency further. In this study, we propose an SNR-efficient spatial-spectral sampling scheme using concentric circle echo planar trajectories (CONCEPT), which was adapted to intrinsically acquire a Hamming-weighted k-space, thus termed density-weighted-CONCEPT. This minimizes voxel bleeding, while preserving an optimal SNR.Theory and methodsTrajectories were theoretically derived and verified in phantoms as well as in the human brain via measurements of five volunteers (single-slice, field-of-view 220 × 220 mm2 , matrix 64 × 64, scan time 6 min) with free induction decay magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. Density-weighted-CONCEPT was compared to (a) the originally proposed CONCEPT with equidistant circles (here termed e-CONCEPT), (b) elliptical phase-encoding, and (c) 5-fold Controlled Aliasing In Parallel Imaging Results IN Higher Acceleration accelerated elliptical phase-encoding.ResultsBy intrinsically sampling a Hamming-weighted k-space, density-weighted-CONCEPT removed Gibbs-ringing artifacts and had in vivo +9.5%, +24.4%, and +39.7% higher SNR than e-CONCEPT, elliptical phase-encoding, and the Controlled Aliasing In Parallel Imaging Results IN Higher Acceleration accelerated elliptical phase-encoding (all P?<?0.05), respectively, which lead to improved metabolic maps.ConclusionDensity-weighted-CONCEPT provides clinically attractive full-slice high-resolution magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging with optimal SNR at 7T. Magn Reson Med 79:2874-2885, 2018. © 2017 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Project description:Perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) has been associated with brain structural and functional deficiencies, and with poorer cognitive performance despite the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, investigation of brain metabolite levels in PHIV measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) methods, is still limited with often inconclusive or contradictory findings. In general, these MRS-based methods have used a single voxel approach that can only evaluate metabolite concentrations in a few select brain anatomical regions. Additionally, most of the published data have been on children perinatally infected with HIV with only a few studies examining adult populations, though not exclusively. Therefore, this prospective and cross-sectional study aims to evaluate metabolite differences at the whole-brain level, using a unique whole-brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (MRSI) method, in a group of PHIV infected young adults (N = 28) compared to age and gender matched control sample (N = 28), and to find associations with HIV clinical factors and neurocognitive scores. MRSI data were acquired on a 3T scanner with a TE of 70 ms. Brain metabolites levels of total N-acetylaspartate (tNAA), total choline (tCho) and total creatine (tCre), as well as ratios of tNAA/tCre, tCho/tCre, and tNAA/tCho, were obtained from the whole brain level and evaluated at the level of gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) tissue types and anatomical regions of interest (ROI). Our results indicate extensive metabolic abnormalities throughout the brains of PHIV infected subjects with significantly elevated levels of tCre and tCho, notably in GM regions. Decreases in tNAA and ratios of tNAA/tCre and tNAA/tCho were also found mostly in WM regions. These metabolic alterations indicate increased glial activation, inflammation, neuronal dysfunction, and energy metabolism in PHIV infected individuals, which correlated with a reduction in CD4 cell count, and lower cognitive scores. Our findings suggest that significant brain metabolite alterations and associated neurological complications persist in the brains of those with PHIV on long-term ART, and advocates the need for continued monitoring of their brain health.

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(2?+?1)D-CAIPIRINHA accelerated MR spectroscopic imaging of the brain at 7T.

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(2 + 1)D-CAIPIRINHA accelerated MR spectroscopic imaging of the brain at 7T.

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