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Anti-inflammatory effects of Nelumbo leaf extracts and identification of their metabolites.

ABSTRACT:

Background/objectives

Nelumbo leaves have been used in traditional medicine to treat bleeding, gastritis, hemorrhoids, and halitosis. However, their mechanisms have not been elucidated.

Materials/methods

The present study prepared two Nelumbo leaf extracts (NLEs) using water or 50% ethanol. Inflammatory response was induced with LPS treatment, and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?), interleukin (IL)-1?, and IL-6 and nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) productions were assessed. To determine the anti-inflammatory mechanism of NLEs, we measured nuclear factor-?B (NF-?B) activity. Major metabolites of NLEs were also analyzed and quantified.

Results

NLEs effectively reduced the expression and productions of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-1?, IL-6, TNF-?, PGE₂, and NO. NLEs also reduced NF-?B activity by inhibiting inhibitor of NF-?B phosphorylation. Both extracts contained catechin and quercetin, bioactive compounds of NLEs.

Conclusions

In this study, we showed that NLEs could be used to inhibit NF-?B-mediated inflammatory responses. In addition, our data support the idea that NLEs can ameliorate disease conditions involving chronic inflammation.

SUBMITTER: Park E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5537535 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Anti-inflammatory effects of <i>Nelumbo</i> leaf extracts and identification of their metabolites.

Park Eunkyo E Kim Gyoung Deuck GD Go Min-Sun MS Kwon Dodan D Jung In-Kyung IK Auh Joong Hyuck JH Kim Jung-Hyun JH

Nutrition research and practice 20170721 4

<h4>Background/objectives</h4><i>Nelumbo</i> leaves have been used in traditional medicine to treat bleeding, gastritis, hemorrhoids, and halitosis. However, their mechanisms have not been elucidated.<h4>Materials/methods</h4>The present study prepared two <i>Nelumbo</i> leaf extracts (NLEs) using water or 50% ethanol. Inflammatory response was induced with LPS treatment, and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF ...[more]

PMID: 28765772

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