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Improving rice population productivity by reducing nitrogen rate and increasing plant density.

ABSTRACT: In terms of tillering potential, the aboveground portions of rice are significantly influenced by the nitrogen level (NL) and transplant density (TD). To obtain a suitable combination of NL and TD, five NLs (0, 90, 180, 270 and 360 kg ha-1) and two TDs [high density (HD), 32.5×104 hills ha-1; low density (LD), 25.5×104 hills ha-1] were used in the rice experiments during 2012 to 2014, in Jiangsu, China. The results showed the highest grain yield of rice obtained at HD and LD when N supply was 180 and 270 kg ha-1, respectively. That's because there are more tillers per unit area, a larger leaf biomass fraction of total aboveground biomass, a larger leaf area index (LAI) and a larger canopy photosynthesis potential (CPP) at HD. It can be concluded that, higher rice planting densities resulted in less N inputs, while more N is needed to improve single plant actual tiller ability under low density to offset the reduced planting density. When the NL was more than 180 kg ha-1, the actual tillering ability of a single plant at LD was 20% more than that at HD. Based on these results, the supply of 1 kg N can be replaced by adding approximately 1000 planting hills per hectare. Therefore, adjusting the transplant density could be an efficient method to reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and increase the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, which is very conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture.

SUBMITTER: Tian G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5540556 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Improving rice population productivity by reducing nitrogen rate and increasing plant density.

Tian Guangli G Gao Limin L Kong Yali Y Hu Xiangyu X Xie Kailiu K Zhang Ruiqing R Ling Ning N Shen Qirong Q Guo Shiwei S

PloS one 20170802 8

In terms of tillering potential, the aboveground portions of rice are significantly influenced by the nitrogen level (NL) and transplant density (TD). To obtain a suitable combination of NL and TD, five NLs (0, 90, 180, 270 and 360 kg ha-1) and two TDs [high density (HD), 32.5×104 hills ha-1; low density (LD), 25.5×104 hills ha-1] were used in the rice experiments during 2012 to 2014, in Jiangsu, China. The results showed the highest grain yield of rice obtained at HD and LD when N supply was 18 ...[more]

PMID: 28767723

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Project description:Excessive reliance on chemical fertilizer (CF) in conventional farming is a serious concern owing to its negative effects on soil health, the environment, and crop productivity. Organic manure is an alternative source of fertilizer to reduce the amount of CF usage in agriculture, decrease environmental pollution, and ensure sustainable crop production. This study assessed the integrated effect of poultry manure (PM) and cattle manure (CM) with CF on soil properties, plant physiology, and rice grain yield. Additionally, the difference in pre-and post-anthesis dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) accumulation and their relationship with grain yield was also determined. Pot experiments were performed in the early and late growing season at the experimental station of Guangxi University, China, in 2018. A total of six treatments, i.e., T1-CF0; T2-100% CF; T3-60% CM + 40% CF; T4-30% CM + 70% CF; T5-60% PM + 40% CF, and T6-30% PM + 70% CF were used in this pot experiment. Results showed that T6 enhanced leaf photosynthetic efficiency by 11% and 16%, chlorophyll content by 8% and 11%, panicle number by 12% and 16%, and grain yield by 11% and 15% in the early and late seasons, respectively, compared to T2. Similarly1, post-anthesis N and DM accumulation, N uptake, and soil properties (i.e., soil organic carbon, total N, and bulk density) were improved with integrated CF and manure treatments over the sole CF treatments. Interestingly, increases in post-anthesis N uptake and DM production were further supported by enhanced N-metabolizing enzyme activities (i.e., nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate oxoglutarate aminotransferase during the grain-filling period in combined treatments. In-addition, the linear regression analysis showed that post-anthesis DM (R2 = 0.95) and N (R2 = 0.96) accumulation were highly associated with grain yield of rice. Thus, the combination of 30% N from PM or CM with 70% N from CF (i.e., urea) is a promising option for improvement of soil quality and rice grain yield. Furthermore, our study provides a sustainable nutrient management plan to increase rice yield with high N use efficiency.

Dataset Information

Improving rice population productivity by reducing nitrogen rate and increasing plant density.

Publications

Improving rice population productivity by reducing nitrogen rate and increasing plant density.

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