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A Phase II Study of Dovitinib in Patients with Recurrent or Metastatic Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma.

ABSTRACT: Purpose: Genetic and preclinical studies have implicated FGFR signaling in the pathogenesis of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). Dovitinib, a suppressor of FGFR activity, may be active in ACC.Experimental Design: In a two-stage phase II study, 35 patients with progressive ACC were treated with dovitinib 500 mg orally for 5 of 7 days continuously. The primary endpoints were objective response rate and change in tumor growth rate. Progression-free survival, overall survival, metabolic response, biomarker, and quality of life were secondary endpoints.Results: Of 34 evaluable patients, 2 (6%) had a partial response and 22 (65%) had stable disease >4 months. Median PFS was 8.2 months and OS was 20.6 months. The slope of the overall TGR fell from 1.95 to 0.63 on treatment (P < 0.001). Toxicity was moderate; 63% of patients developed grade 3-4 toxicity, 94% required dose modifications, and 21% stopped treatment early. An early metabolic response based on 18FDG-PET scans was seen in 3 of 15 patients but did not correlate with RECIST response. MYB gene translocation was observed and significantly correlated with overexpression of MYB but did not correlate with FGFR1 phosphorylation or clinical response to dovitinib.Conclusions: Dovitinib produced few objective responses in patients with ACC but did suppress the TGR with a PFS that compares favorably with those reported with other targeted agents. Future studies of more potent and selective FGFR inhibitors in biomarker-selected patients will be required to determine whether FGFR signaling is a valid therapeutic target in ACC. Clin Cancer Res; 23(15); 4138-45. ©2017 AACR.

SUBMITTER: Dillon PM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5540767 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A Phase II Study of Dovitinib in Patients with Recurrent or Metastatic Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma.

Dillon Patrick M PM Petroni Gina R GR Horton Bethany J BJ Moskaluk Christopher A CA Fracasso Paula M PM Douvas Michael G MG Varhegyi Nikole N Zaja-Milatovic Snjezana S Thomas Christopher Y CY

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 20170404 15

<b>Purpose:</b> Genetic and preclinical studies have implicated FGFR signaling in the pathogenesis of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). Dovitinib, a suppressor of FGFR activity, may be active in ACC.<b>Experimental Design:</b> In a two-stage phase II study, 35 patients with progressive ACC were treated with dovitinib 500 mg orally for 5 of 7 days continuously. The primary endpoints were objective response rate and change in tumor growth rate. Progression-free survival, overall survival, metabolic ...[more]

PMID: 28377480

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Project description:BackgroundApatinib, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) blocker, has demonstrated encouraging antitumor activities and tolerable toxicities in various cancer types. Recurrent or metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck (R/MACCHN) carries a poor prognosis, and treatment options are currently limited. This study was conducted to explore the antitumor activity and safety of apatinib in patients with R/MACCHN.MethodsIn this phase II single-arm, prospective study, patients aged 15-75 years with incurable R/MACCHN received apatinib at a 500 mg dose once daily until intolerance or progression occurred. The primary endpoint was the 6-month progression-free survival (PFS) rate based on RECIST version 1.1. The secondary endpoints included response rate, overall survival (OS), and safety. Efficacy was assessed in all dosed patients with at least one post-baseline tumor assessment.ResultsAmong 68 patients treated with apatinib, 65 were evaluable for efficacy analysis, with a median follow-up time of 25.8 months. The 6-month, 12-month, and 24-month PFS rates were 92.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 83-97.5%], 75.2% (95% CI: 61.5-84.0%) and 44.7% (95% CI: 32.3-57.5%), respectively. The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR), as assessed by investigators, were 46.2% (95% CI: 33.7-59.0%) and 98.5% (95% CI: 91.7-100.0%), respectively. The median duration of response was 17.7 months [interquartile range (IQR) 14.0-20.9]. The 12-month and 24-month OS rates were 92.3% (95% CI: 83.0-97.5%) and 82.3% (95% CI: 70-90.4%), respectively. The most common adverse events of grades 3-4 were hypertension (5.9%), proteinuria (9.2%), and hemorrhage (5.9%). One patient developed a fatal hemorrhage.ConclusionAn encouraging PFS, a high ORR, and a manageable safety profile were observed in this study. It seems that the administration of apatinib in R/MACCHN is likely to have a clinically meaningful therapeutic benefit and warrants further investigation.This study was prospectively registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02775370; date of registration: 17 May 2016; date of first patient enrollment: 25 May 2016).

Project description:BACKGROUNDAdenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy arising in salivary glands and other sites, characterized by high rates of relapse and distant spread. Recurrent/metastatic (R/M) ACCs are generally incurable, due to a lack of active systemic therapies. To improve outcomes, deeper understanding of genetic alterations and vulnerabilities in R/M tumors is needed.METHODSAn integrated genomic analysis of 1,045 ACCs (177 primary, 868 R/M) was performed to identify alterations associated with advanced and metastatic tumors. Intratumoral genetic heterogeneity, germline mutations, and therapeutic actionability were assessed.RESULTSCompared with primary tumors, R/M tumors were enriched for alterations in key Notch (NOTCH1, 26.3% vs. 8.5%; NOTCH2, 4.6% vs. 2.3%; NOTCH3, 5.7% vs. 2.3%; NOTCH4, 3.6% vs. 0.6%) and chromatin-remodeling (KDM6A, 15.2% vs. 3.4%; KMT2C/MLL3, 14.3% vs. 4.0%; ARID1B, 14.1% vs. 4.0%) genes. TERT promoter mutations (13.1% of R/M cases) were mutually exclusive with both NOTCH1 mutations (q = 3.3 × 10-4) and MYB/MYBL1 fusions (q = 5.6 × 10-3), suggesting discrete, alternative mechanisms of tumorigenesis. This network of alterations defined 4 distinct ACC subgroups: MYB+NOTCH1+, MYB+/other, MYBWTNOTCH1+, and MYBWTTERT+. Despite low mutational load, we identified numerous samples with marked intratumoral genetic heterogeneity, including branching evolution across multiregion sequencing.CONCLUSIONThese observations collectively redefine the molecular underpinnings of ACC progression and identify further targets for precision therapies.FUNDINGAdenoid Cystic Carcinoma Research Foundation, Pershing Square Sohn Cancer Research grant, the PaineWebber Chair, Stand Up 2 Cancer, NIH R01 CA205426, the STARR Cancer Consortium, NCI R35 CA232097, the Frederick Adler Chair, Cycle for Survival, the Jayme Flowers Fund, The Sebastian Nativo Fund, NIH K08 DE024774 and R01 DE027738, and MSKCC through NIH/NCI Cancer Center Support Grant (P30 CA008748).

Project description:BackgroundRecurrent/metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an incurable disease with no standard treatments. The majority of ACCs express the oncogenic transcription factor MYB (also c-myb), often in the context of a MYB gene rearrangement. This phase II trial of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) axitinib (Pfizer) tested the hypothesis that targeting pathways activated by MYB can be therapeutically effective for ACC.Patients and methodsThis is a minimax two-stage, phase II trial that enrolled patients with incurable ACC of any primary site. Progressive or symptomatic disease was required. Patients were treated with axitinib 5 mg oral twice daily; dose escalation was allowed. The primary end point was best overall response (BOR). An exploratory analysis correlating biomarkers to drug benefit was conducted, including next-generation sequencing (NGS) in 11 patients.ResultsThirty-three patients were registered and evaluable for response. Fifteen patients had the axitinib dose increased. Tumor shrinkage was achieved in 22 (66.7%); 3 (9.1%) had confirmed partial responses. Twenty-five (75.8%) patients had stable disease, 10 of whom had disease stability for >6 months. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.7 months (range 0.92-21.8 months). Grade 3 axitinib-related toxicities included hypertension, oral pain and fatigue. A trend toward superior PFS was noted with the MYB/NFIB rearrangement, although this was not statistically significant. NGS revealed three tumors with 4q12 amplification, producing increased copies of axitinib-targeted genes PDGFR/KDR/KIT. Two 4q12 amplified patients achieved stable disease for >6 months, including one with significant tumor reduction and the longest PFS on study (21.8 months).ConclusionsAlthough the primary end point was not met, axitinib exhibited clinical activity with tumor shrinkage achieved in the majority of patients with progressive disease before trial enrollment. Analysis of MYB biomarkers and genomic profiling suggests the hypothesis that 4q12 amplified ACCs are a disease subset that benefit from TKI therapy.

Project description:BackgroundAdenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare form of head and neck cancer with a slow, but aggressive growth pattern which remains a challenge for local tumor control. Based on phase II data, radiation treatment using partially high LET radiation results in a prolonged PFS and OS. There is a paucity of randomized clinical data examining the role of the use of high LET radiation only. Therefore, the purpose of this prospective clinical trial is to analyze local control rates in patients with node negative ACC treated with carbon ion radiotherapy alone compared to a combined modality approach.MethodsThis trial is conducted as a prospective, open-label, phase II, two-armed, investigator-initiated study comparing the local control rates in node negative ACCs of the head and neck treated either with sole carbon ion radiotherapy or a combination of carbon ions and photons. Secondary outcomes investigated are progression-free survival, overall survival, acute and late toxicity, and quality of life. A total of 314 patients will be randomly assigned to C12 treatment alone or bimodal treatment: Patients in the experimental group will receive a dose of 51 Gy (RBE) in 17 fractions and a boost of 15 Gy (RBE) in 5 fractions. Patients in the control group will receive 25 fractions photon IMRT 50Gy and a boost using 8 × 3 Gy (RBE) carbon ions. Local control will be assessed in regular follow up examinations until 5 years after the completion of treatment.DiscussionThe present trial aims to evaluate local control rates to compare sole carbon ion radiotherapy to bimodal radiotherapy with carbon ions and photons in patients with node negative ACCs of the head and neck region. Local control is selected as the primary endpoint due to its major clinical relevance because of slow but aggressive growth patterns.Trial registrationThe study was prospectively registered on 2nd January 2020: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04214366 . "Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma and Carbon Ion Only Irradiation (ACCO)".Study statusUnder recruitment, participant recruitment is not completed. Start of recruitment was January 2020. There are no results been published or submitted to any journal.

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A Phase II Study of Dovitinib in Patients with Recurrent or Metastatic Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma.

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A Phase II Study of Dovitinib in Patients with Recurrent or Metastatic Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma.

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