Dataset Information

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Mycoplasma genitalium among STI clinic attendees in Western Canada: a cross-sectional analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

To determine the prevalence and correlates of Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) infection among men and women, determine the prevalence of gene mutations conferring resistance and compare test performance of female specimen types.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on specimens collected for gonorrhoea (NG, Neisseria gonorrhoeae) and chlamydia (CT, Chlamydia trachomatis) among male and female Alberta STI clinic attendees using the M. genitalium transcription-mediated amplification-research use only test. Positive specimens were sequenced for 23SrRNA, parC and gyrA genes. Gender-stratified analysis compared test results using ?² or Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression. Female endocervical and urine specimens were compared.

Results

A total of 2254 individuals were tested; 53.8% (n=1212) were male. Male prevalence of MG was 5.3%; CT was 5.9% and NG was 1.8%. Correlates of male infection were a non-gonococcal urethritis diagnosis and NG coinfection. MG prevalence for women was 7.2%; CT was 5.8% and NG was 1.8%. Correlates of female infection were younger age, Indigenous/Other ethnicity and CT/NG coinfection. Nearly two-thirds of eligible specimens had mutations associated with macrolide resistance and 12.2% of specimens had a parC mutation signifying possible moxifloxacin resistance. There was high concordance (98.1%) of results between urine and endocervical swabs.

Conclusions

The high prevalence of MG relative to CT and NG supports the incorporation of MG testing into routine sexually transmissible infection screening. The high rate of resistance to macrolides and moxifloxacin raises concerns about treatment options. The good concordance of results between urine and endocervical swabs supports the use of female urine specimens for testing.

SUBMITTER: Gratrix J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5541599 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of <i>Mycoplasma genitalium</i> among STI clinic attendees in Western Canada: a cross-sectional analysis.

Gratrix Jennifer J Plitt Sabrina S Turnbull LeeAnn L Smyczek Petra P Brandley Judith J Scarrott Ron R Naidu Prenilla P Parker Penny P Blore Brenda B Bull Amy A Shokoples Sandy S Bertholet Lindsay L Martin Irene I Chernesky Max M Read Ron R Singh Ameeta A

BMJ open 20170710 7

<h4>Objectives</h4>To determine the prevalence and correlates of <i>M<i>ycoplasma</i> genitalium</i> (MG) infection among men and women, determine the prevalence of gene mutations conferring resistance and compare test performance of female specimen types.<h4>Methods</h4>A cross-sectional study was conducted on specimens collected for gonorrhoea (NG, <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>) and chlamydia (CT, <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>) among male and female Alberta STI clinic attendees using the <i>M. g ...[more]

PMID: 28698342

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Project description:BackgroundMycoplasma genitalium (MG) is one of the most warning emerging sexually transmitted pathogens also due to its ability in developing resistance to antibiotics. MG causes different conditions ranging from asymptomatic infections to acute mucous inflammation. Resistance-guided therapy has demonstrated the best cure rates and macrolide resistance testing is recommended in many international guidelines. However, diagnostic and resistance testing can only be based on molecular methods, and the gap between genotypic resistance and microbiological clearance has not been fully evaluated yet. This study aims at finding mutations associated with MG antibiotic resistance and investigating the relationship with microbiological clearance amongst MSM.MethodsFrom 2017 to 2021, genital (urine) and extragenital (pharyngeal and anorectal swabs) biological specimens were provided by men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) attending the STI clinic of the Infectious Disease Unit at the Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy. A total of 1040 MSM were evaluated and 107 samples from 96 subjects resulted positive for MG. Among the MG-positive samples, all those available for further analysis (n=47) were considered for detection of mutations known to be associated with macrolide and quinolone resistance. 23S rRNA, gyrA and parC genes were analyzed by Sanger sequencing and Allplex™ MG and AziR Assay (Seegene).ResultsA total of 96/1040 (9.2%) subjects tested positive for MG in at least one anatomical site. MG was detected in 107 specimens: 33 urine samples, 72 rectal swabs and 2 pharyngeal swabs. Among them, 47 samples from 42 MSM were available for investigating the presence of mutations associated with macrolide and quinolone resistance: 30/47 (63.8%) showed mutations in 23S rRNA while 10/47 (21.3%) in parC or gyrA genes. All patients with positive Test of Cure (ToC) after first-line treatment with azithromycin (n=15) were infected with 23S rRNA-mutated MG strains. All patients undergoing second-line moxifloxacin treatment (n=13) resulted negative at ToC, even those carrying MG strains with mutations in parC gene (n=6).ConclusionOur observations confirm that mutations in 23S rRNA gene are associated with azithromycin treatment failure and that mutations in parC gene alone are not always associated with phenotypic resistance to moxifloxacin. This reinforces the importance of macrolide resistance testing to guide the treatment and reduce antibiotic pressure on MG strains.