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The role of traffic noise on the association between air pollution and children's lung function.

ABSTRACT: Although it has been shown that traffic-related air pollution adversely affects children's lung function, few studies have examined the influence of traffic noise on this association, despite both sharing a common source. Estimates of noise exposure (Ldn, dB), and freeway and non-freeway emission concentrations of oxides of nitrogen (NOx, ppb) were spatially assigned to children in Southern California who were tested for forced vital capacity (FVC, n=1345), forced expiratory volume in 1s, (FEV1, n=1332), and asthma. The associations between traffic-related NOx and these outcomes, with and without adjustment for noise, were examined using mixed effects models. Adjustment for noise strengthened the association between NOx and reduced lung function. A 14.5mL (95% CI -40.0, 11.0mL) decrease in FVC per interquartile range (13.6 ppb) in freeway NOx was strengthened to a 34.6mL decrease after including a non-linear function of noise (95% CI -66.3, -2.78mL). Similarly, a 6.54mL decrease in FEV1 (95% CI -28.3, 15.3mL) was strengthened to a 21.1mL decrease (95% CI -47.6, 5.51) per interquartile range in freeway NOx. Our results indicate that where possible, noise should be included in epidemiological studies of the association between traffic-related air pollution on lung function. Without taking noise into account, the detrimental effects of traffic-related pollution may be underestimated.

SUBMITTER: Franklin M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5546884 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The role of traffic noise on the association between air pollution and children's lung function.

Franklin Meredith M Fruin Scott S

Environmental research 20170527

Although it has been shown that traffic-related air pollution adversely affects children's lung function, few studies have examined the influence of traffic noise on this association, despite both sharing a common source. Estimates of noise exposure (L<sub>dn,</sub> dB), and freeway and non-freeway emission concentrations of oxides of nitrogen (NO<sub>x</sub>, ppb) were spatially assigned to children in Southern California who were tested for forced vital capacity (FVC, n=1345), forced expirator ...[more]

PMID: 28558263

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Project description:ImportanceThyroid hormones are critical for fetal growth and development. Prenatal particulate matter (PM) air pollution exposure has been associated with altered newborn thyroid function, but other air pollutants have not been evaluated, and critical windows of exposure are unknown.ObjectivesTo investigate the association of prenatal exposure to ambient and traffic-related air pollutants with newborn thyroid function and identify critical windows of exposure.Design, setting, and participantsThis cohort study used data from 2050 participants in the Children's Health Study. Statistical analyses were conducted from 2017 to 2018 using pregnancy and birth data from 1994 to 1997 for a subset of participants recruited from schools in 13 southern California communities in 2002 to 2003 when participants were 5 to 7 years of age. Participants were included in statistical analyses if they could be linked to their newborn blood spot and had complete monthly exposure measures for at least 1 air pollutant across pregnancy.ExposuresPrenatal monthly averages of ambient (PM diameter <2.5 ?m [PM2.5] or <10 ?m [PM10], nitrogen dioxide, and ozone) and traffic-related (freeway, nonfreeway, and total nitrogen oxides) air pollutant exposures were determined using inverse distance-squared weighting of central monitoring data and the California Line Source Dispersion model, respectively.Main outcomes and measuresNewborn heel-stick blood spot total thyroxine (TT4) measures were acquired retrospectively from the California Department of Public Health.ResultsParticipants included 2050 newborns (50.5% male), with a median (interquartile range) age of 20 (15-29) hours. The majority of newborns were Hispanic white (1202 [58.6%]) or non-Hispanic white (638 [31.1%]). Sixty-six (3.2%) were black and 144 (7.0%) were from other racial/ethnic groups. The mean (SD) newborn TT4 measure was 16.2 (4.3) ?g/dL. A 2-SD increase in prenatal PM2.5 (16.3 ?g/m3) and PM10 (22.2 ?g/m3) was associated with a 1.2-?g/dL (95% CI, 0.5-1.8 ?g/dL) and 1.5-?g/dL (95% CI, 0.9-2.1 ?g/dL) higher TT4 measure, respectively, in covariate-adjusted linear regression models. Other pollutants were not consistently associated with newborn TT4. Distributed lag models revealed that PM2.5 exposure during months 3 to 7 of pregnancy and PM10 exposure during months 1 to 8 of pregnancy were associated with significantly higher newborn TT4 concentrations (P?<?.05).Conclusions and relevancePrenatal PM exposure, particularly in early pregnancy and midpregnancy, is associated with higher newborn TT4 concentrations. Future studies should assess the health implications of PM-associated differences in newborn TT4 concentrations.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Pediatric allergic diseases are a major public health concern, and previous studies have suggested that exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) exposure is a risk factor. These studies have typically assessed TRAP exposure using traffic measures, such as distance to major roads, or by modeling air pollutant concentrations; however inconsistent associations with pediatric allergic diseases have often been found. Using road proximity and density, we previously found an association between TRAP and atopic eczema among approximately 15,000 children living in Seoul, Korea, heavily populated and highly polluted city in which traffic is a major emission source. We aimed to conduct a parallel analysis using modeled air pollution concentrations and thus examine the consistency of the association. Specifically, we examined the associations of individual-level annual-average concentrations of NO2, PM10, and PM2.5 with symptoms and diagnoses of three pediatric allergic diseases including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic eczema. METHODS:The study population included 14,614 children from the Seoul Atopy Friendly School Project Survey in Seoul, Korea, in 2010. To assess individual exposures to TRAP among these children, we predicted annual-average concentrations of NO2, PM10, and PM2.5 at the children's home addresses in 2010 using universal kriging and land use regression models along with regulatory air quality monitoring data and geographic characteristics. Then, we estimated odds ratios (ORs) of the three allergic diseases for interquartile increases in air pollution concentrations after adjusting for individual risk factors in mixed effects logistic regression. RESULTS:Symptoms and diagnoses of atopic eczema symptoms showed an association with NO2 (OR?=?1.07, 95% confidence interval?=?1.02-1.13; 1.08, 1.03-1.14) and PM10 (1.06, 1.01-1.12; 1.07, 1.01-1.13). ORs of PM2.5 were positive but not statistically significant (1.01, 0.95-1.07; 1.04, 0.98-1.10). No association was found between asthma and allergic rhinitis, although PM2.5 showed a marginal association with allergic rhinitis. CONCLUSIONS:Our consistent findings regarding the association between TRAP and the prevalence of atopic eczema using traffic measures and surrogate air pollutants suggested the effect of TRAP on children's health. Follow-up studies should elucidate the causal link, to support subsequent policy considerations and minimize adverse health effects in children.

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The role of traffic noise on the association between air pollution and children's lung function.

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The role of traffic noise on the association between air pollution and children's lung function.

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