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Cortical thickness is not associated with current depression in a clinical treatment study.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Reduced cortical thickness is a candidate biological marker of depression, although findings are inconsistent. This could reflect analytic heterogeneity, such as use of region-wise cortical thickness based on the Freesurfer Desikan-Killiany (DK) atlas or surface-based morphometry (SBM). The Freesurfer Destrieux (DS) atlas (more, smaller regions) has not been utilized in depression studies. This could also reflect differential gender and age effects. METHODS:Cortical thickness was collected from 170 currently depressed adults and 52 never-depressed adults. Visually inspected and approved Freesurfer-generated surfaces were used to extract cortical thickness estimates according to the DK atlas (68 regions) and DS atlas (148 regions) for region-wise analysis (216 total regions) and for SBM. RESULTS:Overall, except for small effects in a few regions, the two region-wise approaches generally failed to discriminate depressed adults from nondepressed adults or current episode severity. Differential effects by age and gender were also rare and small in magnitude. Using SBM, depressed adults showed a significantly thicker cluster in the left supramarginal gyrus than nondepressed adults (P?=?0.047) but there were no associations with current episode severity. CONCLUSIONS:Three analytic approaches (i.e., DK atlas, DS atlas, and SBM) converge on the notion that cortical thickness is a relatively weak discriminator of current depression status. Differential age and gender effects do not appear to represent key moderators. Robust associations with demographic factors will likely hinder translation of cortical thickness into a clinically useful biomarker. Hum Brain Mapp, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4370-4385, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

SUBMITTER: Perlman G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5546998 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cortical thickness is not associated with current depression in a clinical treatment study.

Perlman Greg G Bartlett Elizabeth E DeLorenzo Christine C Weissman Myrna M McGrath Patrick P Ogden Todd T Jin Tony T Adams Phillip P Trivedi Madhukar M Kurian Benji B Oquendo Maria M McInnis Melvin M Weyandt Sarah S Fava Maurizio M Cooper Crystal C Malchow Ashley A Parsey Ramin R

Human brain mapping 20170608 9

<h4>Background</h4>Reduced cortical thickness is a candidate biological marker of depression, although findings are inconsistent. This could reflect analytic heterogeneity, such as use of region-wise cortical thickness based on the Freesurfer Desikan-Killiany (DK) atlas or surface-based morphometry (SBM). The Freesurfer Destrieux (DS) atlas (more, smaller regions) has not been utilized in depression studies. This could also reflect differential gender and age effects.<h4>Methods</h4>Cortical thi ...[more]

PMID: 28594150

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Project description:OBJECTIVE:Cross-sectional, longitudinal, and genetic associations exist between irritability and depression. Prior studies have examined developmental trajectories of irritability, clinical outcomes, and associations with child and familial depression. However, studies have not integrated neurobiological measures. The present study examined developmental trajectories of irritability, clinical outcomes, and cortical structure among preschoolers oversampled for depressive symptoms. METHOD:Beginning at 3 to 5 years old, a sample of 271 children enriched for early depressive symptoms were assessed longitudinally by clinical interview. Latent class mixture models identified trajectories of irritability severity. Risk factors, clinical outcomes, and cortical thickness were compared across trajectory classes. Cortical thickness measures were extracted from 3 waves of magnetic resonance imaging at 7 to 12 years of age. RESULTS:Three trajectory classes were identified among these youth: 53.50% of children exhibited elevated irritability during preschool that decreased longitudinally, 30.26% exhibited consistently low irritability, and 16.24% exhibited consistently elevated irritability. Compared with other classes, the elevated irritability class exhibited higher rates of maternal depression, early life adversity, later psychiatric diagnoses, and functional impairment. Further, elevated baseline irritability predicted later depression beyond adversity and personal and maternal depression history. The elevated irritability class exhibited a thicker cortex in the left superior frontal and temporal gyri and the right inferior parietal lobule. CONCLUSION:Irritability manifested with specific developmental trajectories in this sample enriched for early depression. Persistently elevated irritability predicted poor psychiatric outcomes, higher risk for later depression, and decreased overall function later in development. Greater frontal, temporal, and parietal cortical thickness also was found, providing neural correlates of this risk trajectory.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Cortical thickness measures the width of gray matter of the human cortex. It can be calculated from T1-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI). In group studies, this measure has been shown to correlate with the diagnosis/prognosis of a number of neurologic and psychiatric conditions, but has not been widely adapted for clinical routine. One of the reasons for this might be that there is no reference system which allows to rate individual cortical thickness data with respect to a control population. METHODS:To address this problem, this study compared different methods to assess statistical significance of cortical thinning, i.e. atrophy. All compared methods were nonparametric and encompassed rating an individual subject's data set with respect to a control data population. Null distributions were calculated using data from the Human Connectome Project (HCP, n?=?1000), and an additional HCP data set (n?=?113) was used to calculate sensitivity and specificity to compare the different methods, whereas atrophy was simulated for sensitivity assessment. Validation measures were calculated for the entire cortex ("cumulative") and distinct brain regions ("regional") where possible. RESULTS:The approach yielding the highest combination of specificity and sensitivity implemented generating null distributions for anatomically distinct brain regions, based on the most extreme values observed in the population. With that method, while regional variations were observed, cumulative specificity of 98.9% and cumulative sensitivity at 80% was achieved for simulated atrophy of 23%. CONCLUSIONS:This study shows that validated rating of individual cortical thickness measures is possible, which can help clinicians in their daily routine to discover signs of atrophy before they become visually apparent on an unprocessed MRI. Furthermore, given different pathologies present with distinct atrophy patterns, the regional validation proposed here allows to detect distinct patterns of atrophy, which can further enhance differential diagnosis/prognosis.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the treatment of choice for severe mental illness including treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Increases in volume of the hippocampus and amygdala following ECT have consistently been reported.AimsTo investigate neuroplastic changes after ECT in specific hippocampal subfields and amygdala nuclei using high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov - NCT02379767). METHOD:MRI scans were carried out in 14 patients (11 women, 46.9 years (s.d. = 8.1)) with unipolar TRD twice before and once after a series of right unilateral ECT in a pre-post study design. Volumes of subcortical structures, including subfields of the hippocampus and amygdala, and cortical thickness were extracted using FreeSurfer. The effect of ECT was tested using repeated-measures ANOVA. Correlations of imaging and clinical parameters were explored. RESULTS:Increases in volume of the right hippocampus by 139.4 mm3 (s.d. = 34.9), right amygdala by 82.3 mm3 (s.d. = 43.9) and right putamen by 73.9 mm3 (s.d. = 77.0) were observed. These changes were localised in the basal and lateral nuclei, and the corticoamygdaloid transition area of the amygdala, the hippocampal-amygdaloid transition area and the granule cell and molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. Cortical thickness increased in the temporal, parietal and insular cortices of the right hemisphere. CONCLUSIONS:Following ECT structural changes were observed in hippocampal subfields and amygdala nuclei that are specifically implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and stress-related disorders and retain a high potential for neuroplasticity in adulthood.Declaration of interestS.K. has received grants/research support, consulting fees and/or honoraria within the past 3 years from Angelini, AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG, AstraZeneca, Celegne GmbH, Eli Lilly, Janssen-Cilag Pharma GmbH, KRKA-Pharma, Lundbeck A/S, Neuraxpharm, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Schwabe and Servier. R.L. received travel grants and/or conference speaker honoraria from Shire, AstraZeneca, Lundbeck A/S, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH, Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG, Janssen-Cilag Pharma GmbH, and Roche Austria GmbH.

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Cortical thickness is not associated with current depression in a clinical treatment study.

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Cortical thickness is not associated with current depression in a clinical treatment study.

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